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Anatomy and Purpose of the Respiratory System Lack of Oxygen Video Intro Describe what you saw happen to the cell’s internal functions with the depletion of oxygen. - What would the consequences be to the organism if the situation was acute (not long)? Explain - Would our body function properly if we had reduced oxygen flow? HINT: Think about what happens with Aerobic and Anaerobic Resp. Group Discussion: Share your knowledge of how energy is created in the body. Explain what you know about how the respiratory system works and how it can regulate energy creation. (Why, when and how do we breath?) Human Lung Anatomy Video The respiratory system consists of the respiratory tracts and the lungs. Respiratory Tract Components Order of air passing through the tract: 1. Nasal Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=50EA330C-DFE3-4443-B142-111DD7DB0764&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US Are there any organs shared by different organ systems? Components of the Lungs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Primary Bronchus (largest) Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus (smallest) Bronchiole Alveoli Alveoli: The Exchanger. The alveoli are tiny sacs that allow O2 to enter each sac, and CO2 to leave each sac. Red = Oxygenated blood. Blue = Deoxygenated blood Alveoli Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole Surrounded by capillaries Where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen (via diffusion) takes place. Singular – alveolus There are millions! Pleura A double membrane that lines the lungs and adheres to the walls of the rib cage Diaphragm • Dome shaped muscle between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing Why O2 and CO2? 1. We need carbs (glucose) for “fuel”. 2. Fuel needs to be oxidized to release energy. (Oxygen is bonded with the molecules) 3. The carbohydrate molecule rearranges itself to create different molecules. (C6H12O6 + O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy) 4. Energy is released, and biproducts are discarded or reused. H2O reused, CO2 released via lungs. How does breathing work? Breathing is an involuntary action meaning that it occurs without conscious thought However, breathing is in fact controlled by a structure in the brain called the medula Why does your breathing rate increase during and after exercise? Physical activity requires increased energy production Thus, your muscles must consume more O2 to release more energy As a result of respiration, more CO2 is produced The increased levels of CO2 in the blood flowing to your brain is a signal to the medulla to increase breathing rate WHY? To remove CO2 and replenish O2 at a faster rate 78 % Nitrogen 21 % Oxygen 1 % Other gases CO2 O2 Composition of Air Inhaled Air 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.04% Carbon Dioxide <1% Other Gases Exhaled Air 78% Nitrogen 16% Oxygen 5% Carbon Dioxide <1% Other Gases Gas Exchange with the Lungs Gas Exchange- What is it? Two gases, O2 and CO2 switch places O2 moves from the alveoli to the capillaries CO2 moves in the opposite direction, from the capillaries to the alveoli This occurs by diffusion: The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration Basic Diffusion Diagram Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide Blood arriving at the alveolus is deoxygenated: Low in O2 High in CO2 The concentration of CO2 inside the alveolus is lower than in the cappilary Thus, CO2 diffuses into the alveolus Diffusion of Oxygen Blood arriving at the alveolus has a low concentration of O2 But air entering the alveolus has a high concentration of O2 Thus, O2 diffuses from the alveolus (high conc.) into the capillary (low conc.) Oxygenated blood leaving the alveolus CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glucose C6H12O6 + Oxygen 6 O2 → Carbon Dioxide 6 CO2 + Water ENERGY 6 H 2O If all the elements, Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen can be counted for, where does the energy come from? The BONDS holding the molecules together! Crash Course: ATP and Respiration Video Lack of Oxygen Video Intro Synergy Questions Human Body Project