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GCSE LEVEL PE
Lesson 11
A healthy active lifestyle and your respiratory system
Respiratory System – 1
How the respiratory system works
CONNECTOR
How
many breathes do you take
per minute?
Average
human takes 21 breaths?
What
happens as a result of
exercise?
 Can
you explain why?
KEY WORDS
 Respiratory
System
 Tidal Volume
 Vital Capacity
 Oxygen Debt
 Alveoli
 Gas Exchange
BIG PICTURE
 You
will use your prior knowledge from PE
and science to learn about the structure and
function of the respiratory system.
 You
will learn about the process of gas
exchange and why it is important in
exercise through student, teacher and input
from powerpoint and text book.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 All
students will have an
understanding of the structure and
how the respiratory system works.
 All students will be able to explain
what happens during gaseous
exchange.
 Most will be able to explain where
gaseous exchange takes place and why
it is important in exercise.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
KEY QUESTIONS?
1.
2.
3.
What do you know about the respiratory system
and what it does?
Do all athletes breathe as heavily after an event
or training session?
Why do you think athletes in events such as the
400m are gasping for breath when they finish?
Michael Johnson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2W_T77vwfQ
4.
5.
Kelly Holmes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV6LfdD97fY
Have you ever felt breathless after exercise?
What were you doing?
WHICH GASES MAKE UP THE AIR WE
BREATH IN AND OUT?
Inspired Air
Expired Air
20%
16%
0.04%
4%
Nitrogen
79%
79%
Other Gases
1%
1%
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
1.
Can you explain why there is a difference in gases between
inspired and expired air?
2.
Why would expired air resuscitation (EAR) work on a casualty who
was not breathing?
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE AIR WE BREATH
IN?

The route of air into the
lungs...
1.
Air passes through the nose
and mouth and then onto the
pharynx, larynx and
trachea.
2.
The trachea splits into two
tubes called bronchi (each
one is a bronchus) – one
going to each lung.
3.
The bronchi split into
progressively smaller tubes
called bronchioles.
4.
The bronchioles finally end at
small bags called alveoli
(each one is an alveolus)
where the gas exchange
takes place.
HOW IS OXYGEN ABSORBED?
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HIT621PRRO0&FEATURE=RELATED



Each bronchus divides into
bronchioles and then into tiny
air sacs called alveoli
The alveoli are covered
by capillaries
Here oxygen is
exchanged into
the blood and
carbon dioxide
taken out of the
blood
SO WHAT IS THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

Takes in oxygen


Removes carbon dioxide


How?
Where does CO2 come from?
Write a paragraph to describe gaseous exchange
in your own words?
THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS?
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
THE MECHANISMS OF BREATHING
(INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION)






Inspiration is when we breathe in
Expiration is when we breathe out
The lungs are situated in a
flexible sealed space called the
thorax
At the bottom of the thorax is the
diaphragm
As the chest expands the
diaphragm contracts and pulls
down creating a vacuum which
allows air to enter
When the diaphragm relaxes the
lungs contract and air is forced
out
Breathing is both voluntary and involuntary,
what does this mean?.
THE MECHANISMS OF BREATHING (INSPIRATION
AND EXPIRATION)
Take a deep breath... What happens?
Inspiration
1.
Intercostals and the diaphragm contract to make
the chest cavity larger
2.
Air is pushed into the lungs by the air pressure
outside
Expiration
1.
The intercostals and the diaphragm relax to make
the chest cavity smaller
2.
The lungs are squeezed and air is force out
DO ALL ATHLETES BREATHE AS HEAVILY
AFTER AN EVENT OR TRAINING SESSION?
The fitter the athlete the more efficient the
respiratory system will work.
 Allowing



Therefore


More oxygen to reach the blood....
More blood to reach the muscles....
Why is this important?
1.
2.
Oxygen is needed to keep the muscles working.
Carbon dioxide needs to be removed.
TIDAL VOLUME AND VITAL CAPACITY

Two measurements which are used to estimate
the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Definitions
 Tidal volume – is the amount of air inspired and
expired with each normal breath at resting or
during exercise.
 Vital capacity – is the greatest amount of air that
can be made to pass into and out of the lungs by
the most forceful inspiration and expiration.
(Usually 4 – 5 litres).
REVIEW

Answer the following questions;
1.
What do you know about the respiratory system
and what it does?
2.
Do all athletes breathe as heavily after an event
or training session?
3.
Explain why gas exchange is important to an
athlete?