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8. The Respiratory System
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All your body cells need oxygen
Without oxygen your body cells
cannot produce energy
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The main organ of the respiratory
system is the lungs
Vocabulary:
Respiratory system
A body system that brings oxygen into
the body and gets rid of cell wastes
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So how does your respiratory system
work?
To breathe you need the help of your
muscular system
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A large muscle called the diaphragm
controls your lungs
Vocabulary:
diaphragm
A large muscle that controls the lungs
and breathing
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When the diaphragm moves down, air
is pulled into the lungs
When the diaphragm moves up, air is
forced out of the lungs
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Air usually enters the body through the
nose
Inside the nose, tiny hairs clean the air
by catching dirt and other particles
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The clean warm air moves into the tube
in your throat called the windpipe
Vocabulary:
windpipe
A tube in the throat that moves air into
the lungs
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The air is warmed more by the
windpipe (trachea) as the air moves
toward the lungs
The windpipe divides into two smaller
tubes so air can go into both lobes of
the lungs
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The tubes continue to divide into the
lungs and get smaller and smaller and
end in tiny air sacs
Vocabulary:
Air sacs
The end of the tubes that go into the
lungs
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The lungs are made up of about 300
million of these air sacs
Air sacs are like little balloons and
each are surrounded by capillaries
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When you breathe in, oxygen enters the
air sacs
The oxygen passes through the thin
walls of the air sacs and enters the
capillaries
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Then the oxygen is picked up by the
red blood cells
The blood cells carry oxygen to every
cell in the body
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At the same time, another process is
taking place
Carbon dioxide from the blood moves
out of the capillaries
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Then the carbon dioxide moves into the
air sacs
and leaves the body as you breathe out
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Remember: Carbon dioxide is a waste
produced by all body cells
It is produced when body cells break
down food and give off energy
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In the lungs, carbon dioxide and
oxygen are exchanged all the time
Your body depends on this process to
stay alive
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If your body did not get enough
oxygen, its cells would soon die
The cells would also die if they could
not get rid of carbon dioxide
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The carbon dioxide would build up in
the blood and become poisonous
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Keep your digestive & excretory
systems in working order by drinking
lots of water
Your body loses a lot of water through
sweat and urine
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It is very important for your systems to
eat fruits, vegetables, and grains to help
your body get rid of solid waste
This helps you from getting “blocked”
up!
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Your respiratory system needs strong
muscles and healthy lungs to bring lots
of oxygen into the body
Exercising helps to strengthen the
muscles you use to breathe
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Exercise also makes your lungs work
harder
It is very important for your
respiratory system that you don’t
smoke
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Smoking harms the tissues of the lungs
Damaged lungs cannot bring your
cells all the oxygen they need which in
turn weakens your body
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