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Human Body Systems Your Circulatory System The Functions of the Circulatory System are to • Take needed substances to cells • Carry waste products away from cells Circulatory System Consists of… • Blood Vessels • Blood • Heart Circulatory System BLOOD VESSELS Two Pathways Carry blood to lungs and back Carry blood to body and back Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation • 3 types of vessels – – – Arteries Veins Capillaries Arteries: • carry blood Away from the heart • carry O2 and needed materials Veins: • carry blood to the heart • carry CO2 and waste Capillaries: – – – – Smallest vessels Microscopic Walls one cell thick Nutrients and gases diffuse here Circulatory System BLOOD The Blood • Body contains 4-6 liters • Consists of – – – – Water Red Blood Cells Plasma White blood cells and platelets Circulatory System HEART Structure of the Heart • Four chambers – Two upper (Atria) • Walls thinner • Less muscular – Two lower (Ventricles) • Walls thicker • More muscular • Do more work How to take care of your Circulatory System Exercise Control your weight Eat a well balanced diet Eat a low fat diet Do not smoke MUSCLES 5/24/2017 16 The function of the muscular system is to move the body. . . 5/24/2017 • Talking • Digesting • Walking • Coloring • Breathing • Riding bikes • Smiling • Blinking • Eating • Sneezing • Studying • Raising your hand • Driving • Swimming 17 About how many muscles do you think the human body has? Answer = 650 5/24/2017 18 Muscles 5/24/2017 19 Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscles •Are voluntary muscles. •Move bones •Are attached to tendons, which are attached to bones. 5/24/2017 21 Tendons Tendons are connective tissue that attach muscles to bones. 5/24/2017 22 Smooth Muscles •Are involuntary muscles. •Found in many organs. •Examples: blood vessels, stomach, lungs, intestines 5/24/2017 23 Cardiac Muscle •Is involuntary. •Makes up the heart. •Pumps the blood by contracting. 5/24/2017 24 TAKE CARE OF YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM! Eat healthy foods and exercise your muscles regularly. 5/24/2017 25 What happens when we do not use our muscles? Our muscles get smaller, which makes them weak. USE YOUR MUSCLES! 5/24/2017 26 Has 3 functions 1. 2. 3. Receives information about what is happening inside and outside the body Directs the way your body will respond to the information Maintains homeostasis A system that controls all of the activities of the body. The nervous system is made of: The brain The spinal cord The nerves The senses There are two divisions of the nervous system. 1. The central nervous system 2. The peripheral nervous system The Central Nervous System is made of the brain and the spinal cord. The Central Nervous System controls everything in the body. An organ that controls your emotions, your thoughts, and every movement you make. *The brain is divided into three parts and is protected by the skull. * The spinal cord sends messages to the brain. * The spinal cord is the part of the nervous system that connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system. * The vertebrae are the many bones that protect the nerves in the spinal cord. •Made up of NERVES & SENSE ORGANS. •The peripheral nervous system carries messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. * controls the body’s activities that you don’t think about. * controls your breathing, your heartbeat, and activities in your small intestine. controls •Wear a helmet when skating, bicycling or doing other activities where you could bump your head. •Wear a seatbelt when riding in a car. • Make sure the water is deep enough before diving. • Don’t abuse alcohol or drugs. The Skeletal System Skeleton Functions The skeleton has five major functions: 1. Provides body shape and support 2. Enables the body to move 3. Protects internal organs 4. Produces blood cells 5. Stores certain materials until the body needs them Dem Bones! The Structure of Bone Periosteum •covers the bone Compact Bone •hard outer bone surface Spongy Bone •porous with blood vessels and nerves Marrow •center of the bone •RED makes red and white blood cells •YELLOW stores fat for an energy reserve Cartilage •Cartilage provides a smooth surface between bones •Sometimes it’s a more flexible extension of bone as in the tip of your nose Joints • connect bones • allow bones to move in different ways • held together by a strong connective tissue called ligaments Movable joints include: 1. ball-and- socket (hip) 2. hinge joints (knee) 3. gliding joints (wrist) 4. pivot joints (neck) Ligaments Ligaments connect bones to bones. Take Care of Your Bones! •As people become older, their bones begin to lose some minerals. •Mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis, a condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily. •Regular exercise and a diet rich in calcium can help prevent osteoporosis. Your Respiratory System The Functions of Your Respiratory System • moves oxygen from the outside environment into your body. • removes carbon dioxide and water from your body. The Path of Air How You Breathe 1: The Diaphragm How You Breathe 2: The Alveoli Take Care of Your Lungs Don’t Smoke Wear a mask when the air is dusty Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage smoking can do over time to your respiratory system. Your Digestive System Your Digestive System… …breaks down food into molecules the body can absorb. …passes these molecules into the bloodstream to be carried throughout the body. …works to eliminate solid wastes from the body. Parts of Your Digestive System The Digestive Journey Digestion begins in your mouth: •action of your teeth and tongue (mechanical digestion) •secretion by your salivary glands (chemical digestion). The Esophagus The esophagus is a foot long muscular tube. Your Stomach •churns the food •contains chemicals, gastric juices, which break down proteins and fat •gradually releases the remains into the upper small intestine Your Liver •produces bile - a substance that helps break down fat Liver Your Gall Bladder • bile flows from the liver into the gall bladder Liver • it is stored in the gall bladder until needed Gall Bladder Your Pancreas •produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine •helps to break up complex starches, proteins, and fats Liver Pancreas Duodenum (upper small intestine) Gall Bladder Your Small Intestine •all the nutrients are absorbed leaving undigestible wastes •these wastes pass into the large intestine Your Large Intestine (Colon) •water is removed •the wastes are stored in the rectum •until they are released by the anus Take Care of Your Digestive System Eat a healthy diet. Don’t ignore pains that don’t go away.