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Body Systems Unit ReviewVocabulary Lesson 1 Skeletal system – made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue Marrow – soft tissue in the center of some bones Joint – the point where two bones meet Cartilage – strong gel like tissue that cushions your joints Tendons –tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones Ligaments-cordlike tissue that connect the bones in each joint Joints Hinge – elbow knee; gliding wrists and ankles; pivot- neck and head; -hips and shoulders; balland-socket Problems: fractures (breaks), dislocation, sprain, overuse injuries, scoliosis osteoporosis Lesson 2 Muscular system- group of structures that give body parts the power to move Skeletal muscles-muscles attached to bones that enable you to move This is the largest part of the muscular system (more than 600 muscles) Smooth muscles-these are found in organs, blood vessels and glands Cardiac muscles-only found in the walls of your heart Problems: muscle strain (small tears), sore muscles muscular Dystrophy is a serious disease that some people get – it is hereditary Know some of the more common muscles ie: deltoids, biceps, triceps, gluts, lats, hamstrings Achilles tendon quads, trapezoids Lesson 3 Circulatory system-group of organs and tissues that move essential supplies to body cells and remove their waste products Cell respiration-process where the cells are nourished and energized Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – carry blood from the body back to the heart Capillaries- connect the veins and arteries to the body’s cells Problems: hypertension, heart attack, stroke, arteriosclerosis. anemia, leukemia Lesson 4 Respiratory System-organs that supply the body with constant oxygen/ rids the body of carbon dioxide Respiration-exchange of gases between your body and air: two types a) external is between blood and air, b) internal is exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body Bronchi- passage through which air enters the lungs Alveoli-tiny air sacs Diaphragm-dome-shaped muscle that separates the lungs form the agcomen Asthma-serious chronic condition that causes tiny air passages to become narrow or blocked (most common) Common problems: asthma(most common) others are bronchitis, TB, pneumonia and flu Lesson 5 Nervous system-Your bodies message and control center Central nervous system includes the brain and spine Peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the body Neurons-specialized nerve cells Somatic system deals with action you control Autonomic-deals with actions you do not control Traumatic brain injury-the brain has been jarred and strikes the inside of the skull Common problems: meningitis, brain tumor, epilepsy, MS Lesson 6 Digestive system-converts fuel into useable energy Digestion-process of changing food into material the body can use Enzymes-proteins that affect the many body processes Saliva-fluid made by the salivary glands that moistens and softens food Small intestine –coiled tube-like organ about 20 feet long Liver aids digestion-produces bile that breaks down fats one of the busiest organ – 2nd largest organ Gallbladder stores the bile and releases it into the small intestine Pancreas produces additional digestive enzymes Stomach temporarily stores the food Colon or large intestine Excretory system –waste removal Kidneys filter water and dissolved wastes from the blood and helps maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body. Liquid=urine; solid waste=feces Common problem heart burn others are gallstones and kidney, appendicitis, and hemorrhoids Lesson 7 Endocrine system – chemical communication system that controls many body functions Gland-group of cells or an organ that secretes something Pituitary gland – boss gland, master gland – tells other glands what to do Adrenal glands – regulates salt and water balance, metabolism; produces adrenaline that increases heart rate and blood pressure when the body experiences stress Pituitary – stimulates the growth of bones and other body tissues Thyroid gland regulates the rate at which cells urn fuel from food to produce energy Common problem diabetes type 1 and 2