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Group One: The
Cardiovascular System
John Williamson
Katherine Bell
Matt Farina
Focus Questions:

How does air get into the lungs?

What is the role of the diaphragm?
What is the path of air into the
lungs?

Mouth/Nose
Bronchial Tree
Pharynx
Trachea
Epiglottis
Larynx
Alveoli
Nasal and Oral Cavities
Nasal Cavity: Prepares and conditions
outside air for lungs
 Oral Cavity: Used for respiration when
higher intake of oxygen is needed

Pharynx
The throat
 Connects the Mouth and Nose to the
Larynx
 Also connects to the esophagus

Epiglottis
Tissue flap that covers the entrance to
the Larynx
 Closes of Larynx when swallowing to
protect the lungs

Larynx
Entrance to the Trachea
 Contains the vocal chords which
determine sound production and pitch

– The Glottis is the opening between the
vocal chords
Trachea
Downward airway towards the lungs,
single path
 Branches into the two bronchi which
enter the left and right lungs

Brachial Tree
Multiple airways that continue to narrow
and divide throughout each lung
 Branch out to provide greater surface
area

• Bronchi
• Bronchiole
• Alveolar Duct
Alveoli
Form alveolar sacs at the end of each
“branch”
 An Air sac that fills with air to bring
oxygen to the capillaries that surround
the sac.

Diaphragm
-
Contracts and pulls down to inflate
lungs during inhalation
Relaxes to exhale
As diaphragm ascends,
thoracic pressure increases,
helping blood circulation
Diaphragm
Composed of two parts:
a central aponeurotic
part and a peripheral
muscle part
 Muscle divided into
Sternal, Costal, and
Lumbar parts
 Muscular composition
allows diaphragm to
ascend and descend

Vocabulary
Ordering
Function
Application
10015. Slide 15
10016. Slide 16
10017. Slide 17
10018. Slide 18
20019. Slide 19
20020. Slide 20
20021. Slide 21
20022. Slide 22
30023. Slide 23
30024. Slide 24
30025. Slide 25
30026. Slide 26
40027. Slide 27
40028. Slide 28
40029. Slide 29
40030. Slide 30
50031. Slide 31
50032. Slide 32
50033. Slide 33
50034. Slide 34
What is the Chamber in which
air is moistened, warmed and
filtered.
The Nasal Cavity
What is the Third Structure Air
enters when air is being
transferred into the lungs?

The Epiglottis
What is the function of the
Pharynx?

The Pharynx is an airway that connects
the nasal cavity and oral cavity with the
larynx. It also connects with the
esophagus.
Describe and situation in
which a persons inhalation
rate would increase and why
this is necessary.

When someone is engaging in
physical activity, more oxygen
is needed for their cells
because they are more active
and working harder. Breathing
at a heavier rate increases
oxygen intake.
The tissue like flap at the
entrance to the larynx.

The Epiglottis
Order these components of
the Respiratory System:
Bronchial Tree, Larynx,
Epiglottis, Alveoli
1. Epiglottis
 2.Larynx
 3.Bronchial Tree
 4.Alveoli

Why are the Alveolar Sacs
covered in pulmonary
capillaries?
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen need to
diffuse between the alveoli and
pulmonary capillaries in order to reach
other parts of the body
 (Carbon Dioxide LEAVE the body)

If food enters the larynx what
element of the respiratory
system failed to do its “job”.

The Epiglottis
What is the central
passageway leading towards
the lungs?

The Trachea
What is the correct order of:
The Larynx, Pharynx, and
Epiglottis.
Pharynx
 Epiglottis
 Larynx

What is the function of the
Bronchial Tree?

To increase the surface for gas
exchange. (ex. Absorbing oxygen).
Based on your knowledge
which animal would have
more efficient lungs a sloth of
a leopard?

A leopard.
What is the diaphragm?

The Diaphragm is the muscle sheet
between the chest and abdominal cavity
that is responsible for inhaling and
exhaling.
Which comes first the nasal or
oral cavity?

Neither
What is the function of the
Larynx?

The Larynx allows for sound production
(vocal cords) and well as an enterence
to the trachea.
What is the position of the
diaphragm when someone is
holding their breath?

The diaphragm is in a contracted
position.
Which components of the
Respiratory system are
shared with the digestive
system?
The Oral Cavity
The Pharynx
Describe the entire pathway
in which air enters the Lungs.
(7 total parts)
Mouth/Nose
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Alveoli
What is the bronchus (plural
bronchi) covered in? Describe
its function.

The lining of the bronchi
is covered in cilia and
mucus-secreting cells.
(Thus giving it increased
surface area). The cilia
also sweeps debris
covered mucus towards
the mouth where it is
expelled or swallowed.
Explain How the Heimlich
Maneuver works.

When done correctly, the Heimlich Maneuver
lifts the diaphragm. This causes a quick
decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity
and a quick increase in the alveolar pressure.
Air is then forced up the trachea because of
the increased pressure and the pressure may
be enough to dislodge the obstruction.
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621
PrrO0
References
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http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.em
c.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/human-blockhead-nasal-diagram.gif
(Pictures used)
Cecie , Ralph, and Taggart Starr. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of
Life. 9th edition. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks/Cole Thompson Learning,
2001. Print.
http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/diaphragm-picture.htm
http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/diaphragm.gif
http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/Hum
anbody/RespiratorySystem/WindpipeBronchialTree/41b.gif