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Circulatory System SBI 3U Ms. Raper Open circulatory system • Found in many insects • Blood returns to the heart via the movement of the animal’s body. • inefficient http://fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu/Education/2010/2010_INDEX.HTM Closed Circulatory System • Found in some invertebrates such as worms and in fish, reptiles, birds and mammals • Blood never leaves a system of tubes • Heart pumps blood around the body William Harvey 1568 -1657 • Was a physician trained in Italy. • Was the first to accurately describe the action of the heart pumping blood around the body. • He confirmed the presence of valves in the veins to prevent the backflow of blood. • He confirmed his theories by carrying out http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/harvey_william.shtml dissections. Blood Vessels • Arteries – carry blood AWAY from the heart. • Veins – carry blood back to the heart – blood returns VIA the veins. • Capillaries – CONNECT arteries and veins, it is here that substances are loaded and unloaded into the blood by diffusion. http://www.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/Notes5%20Circulatory%20Anatomy.htm Arteries •Thick elastic muscular walls •Small lumen •Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery) •Carry blood away from the heart. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookcircSYS.html Veins • Have thin walls •Large lumen •Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein) •Have valves to prevent backflow of blood •Carry blood back to the heart Circulatory System Blood vessels Arteries • Have a smaller lumen than veins • Have thick Muscular walls. • Carry oxygenated blood (except the Pulmonary artery) • Have a pulse • Carry blood away from the heart • Have blood under high pressure • Blood is BRIGHT red • A cut artery spurts with the heart beat. • Main artery is the AORTA Cross section through an artery. Capillaries • Connect arteries and veins. • Are found in organs. • Are where substances are dropped off or picked up from the cells • Are only one cell thick. • Red Blood Cells must travel through in single file. • Low pressure • Cut capillaries ooze Cross section of a capillary • Veins have thinner muscular walls than arteries, • Have a large lumen, • Have valves to prevent backflow of blood • Carry blood back to the heart • Carry deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein) • Have blood that is DARK red. • Low pressure • A cut Vein will gushes. • Main vein is the VENA CAVA Blood Vessels. http://iws.ccccd.edu/mweis/Images/Histology/2402%20histology/Circulatory%20Histo/labeled%20circ%20histo/circ_vess els_av_compare_heading.png Exchange in Capillaries Coronary Arteries http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/Pilsinl/112.gif Peripheral Arteries http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/Pilsinl/101.gif 3 parts to the Circulatory System • Cardiac - blood supply to and through the heart. • Pulmonary – blood flow through the lungs. • Systemic – blood flow through the body other than the lungs and heart. • Because blood flows through the heart twice for every complete circuit, it is referred to as a DOUBLE circulation.
