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Heart Unit Mr. Biggs’ Fifth Grade Lowell Elementary Vessels of the Circulatory System • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are the sites where food, oxygen, and carbon dioxide enter and leave the bloodstream. • Veins carry blood back to the heart. Structure of an Artery How Does Diet Help Heart Health How can diet contribute to problems of the heart and circulatory system? A diet high in fat and cholesterol can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries. These deposits can impede and even block entirely the flow of blood, possibly causing a stroke or heart attack. Play the movie How Does Exercise Affect the Heart? Why is exercise good for the heart? The heart is a muscle; it can be made stronger with exercise. A strong heart can pump more blood with each beat; this allows it to rest longer between beats. Play the movie Blood is made of… Watch Movie – 1:38 Over half of blood consists of plasma, a liquid composed mostly of water. Plasma also contains food, chemicals, and wastes. Blood also consists of cells and cell parts, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood’s Journey Through the Body • The heart consists of two pumps. The right pump collects blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. The left pump collects blood from the lungs and sends it to the body. • Each pump has two chambers: the atrium and the ventricle. •The atria receive blood. •The ventricles pump blood.