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1. In what WAYS are plants important to our respiratory system? 2. In cellular respiration, you use oxygen and sugar to make carbon dioxide and energy. What other system is working with the respiratory here? 3. How does your circulatory system work with your respiratory system? KEEP YOUR LAB BOOK WITH YOU- YOU WILL NEED IT TODAY The Path Air Takes Respiration, the process of gas exchange, is an important function performed by the respiratory system There are two types of respiration: 1. External Respiration breathing in and out 2. Cellular Respiration using oxygen and food to produce energy (waste product made is CO²) The Path Air Takes in External Respiration • The first step in the process of respiration involves taking air into your body through your nose or mouth. • Air flows into the pharynx, or throat. • Passed the larynx, or voice box Cleaning Dirty Air • To prevent foreign material from reaching the lungs, the nasal cavity and air-ways are lined with cells that secrete mucus and have little hair-like structures called cilia. Then the air passes an open epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the entrance to the air-way (trachea) when you swallow food. Trachea, where air travels Esophagus, where food travels The Path Air Takes • It then travels down the trachea (or windpipe) which is a tube-like passageway with many ridges. •The trachea leads to two tubes, or bronchi, which branch out into the lungs. • The bronchi branch into bronchioles, which are numerous tiny tubes. Place of Gas Exchange • Eventually the bronchioles open into thousands of tiny air sacs called alveoli. • The alveoli in healthy lungs are elastic, they stretch as you inhale and return to their original size as you exhale. Place of Gas Exchange • In the alveoli oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood. • The clusters of alveoli are surrounded by networks of tiny blood vessels, or capillaries. • Oxygen moves from the air in the alveoli into the blood, making the blood rich in oxygen. • Once oxygen is in the blood, it is pumped by the heart to the body cells, where it is dropped off and used for cellular respiration (breaking down food for energy). • Cellular respiration creates ATP and a waste productCARBON DIOXIDE. • Your blood picks up the carbon dioxide and transports it to the lungs for disposal out of the body • That’s why when you exhale, you release carbon dioxide. Heart-y Facts It takes about 20 seconds for blood to travel through your body… heart to heart. 1 minute = 75-85 heart beats In one day, one drop of blood travels 12,000 miles! Girls hearts beat faster than boys Blood is about 78% water You have 5.6 Liters of Blood in your body! Circulatory System • The circulatory system is in charge of moving nutrients, gases and wastes to and from cells. • This system helps maintain homeostasis by stabilizing body temperature and pH. Transportation Think of your circulatory system like an extensive system of trains . . . they pick up packages and drop them off at another place. Transportation • The circulatory system picks up wastes like carbon dioxide and drops off nutrients and oxygen. Your vessels make up the “tracks” that your blood or “train” flows along. Blood delivers… • …Oxygen to all cells (from the lungs) • …Nutrients to all cells (from the intestines) • …Wastes to the kidneys (from cells) • …Carbon dioxide to the lungs (from cells) Components of Blood • Red Blood Cells (RBC) • White Blood Cells (WBC) • Platelets • Plasma • Transport O2 & CO2 • Contain hemoglobin (protein that carries oxygen) • Produced in bone marrow. (Skeletal system) Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells • Large • Defend the body against disease. ● Produced in bone marrow. Platelets • • Irregularly-shaped cell fragments needed for blood clotting. Create a “web” to prevent you from losing blood. Plasma • Liquid • Contains proteins • Transports red and white blood cells, platelets, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, gases and salts. Blood Vessels • Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood AWAY from the heart (oxygen rich) • • Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart • Veins carry blood back to heart Veins carry blood back toward your heart. (with CO2) • Capillaries connect arteries to veins (very tiny) Blood is *NEVER* blue. Blood is described as dark red (when in veins and oxygen poor) or bright red (when in arteries and oxygen rich) Our veins look blue because we are looking at them *through* our skin. They are actually white-ish, and the blood in them is dark red- and because your skin diffuses light- your veins LOOK blue. The blood you see when you get hurt is usually venous blood. Arterial blood comes out in spurts. It spurts every time the heart beats. I hope you never see that. Heart • All of your vessels connect to your heart. • The function of the heart is to keep blood moving constantly through the body. 5 karat “Heart” cut diamond Human Heart Other Hearts Fish Heart Frog Heart Page 27 of your comp. book • Make sure you put it in the table of contents and attach it on page 27