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The Human Body Interactive PowerPoint Laura Goerner Menu Respiratory System Circulatory System Digestive System Muscular System Skeletal System Digestive System Menu Gross & Cool Facts! Respiratory System Menu Gross & Cool Facts! Circulatory System Menu Gross & Cool Facts! Muscular System Menu Gross & Cool Facts! Skeletal System Menu Gross & Cool Facts! Digestive System Gross and Cool Facts! • HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long! • Chewing food takes from 5-30 seconds • Swallowing takes about 10 seconds • Food sloshing in the stomach can last 3-4 hours • It takes 3 hours for food to move through the intestine • Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days! • Americans eat about 700 million pounds of peanut butter. • Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of chocolate a year. • In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!! Menu Respiratory System Gross and Cool Facts! • Your lungs contain almost 1500 miles of airways and over 300 million alveoli. • Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air. • Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe in air, use the oxygen in it, and release carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Thank goodness! • People tend to get more colds in the winter because we're indoors more often and in close proximity to other people. When people sneeze, cough and even breathe -- germs go flying! Menu Circulatory System Gross and Cool Facts! • The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels! • An adult's heart pumps nearly 4000 gallons of blood each day! • Your heart beats some 30 million times a year! • The average three-year-old has two pints of blood in their body; the average adult at least five times more! • A "heartbeat" is really the sound of the valves in the heart closing as they push blood through its chambers. Menu Muscular System Gross and Cool Facts! • You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning. • Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! • The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks. Menu Skeletal System Gross and Cool Facts! • The human hand has 27 bones; your face has 14! • The longest bone in your body? Your thigh bone, the femur -- it's about 1/4 of your height. The smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear which can measure 1/10 of an inch. • Did you know that humans and giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks? Giraffe neck vertebrae are just much, much longer! • You have over 230 moveable and semimoveable joints in your body. Menu Introduction to the Body Systems Organization in the Body • Cell--> smallest unit of life Ex. Blood cell • Tissue--> made of many similar cells Ex. Blood Tissue • Organ--> made of many similar tissues Ex. Heart • Organ System--> several organs working together Ex. Circulatory System TYPES OF TISSUE • EPITHELIAL • Protects other tissue • NERVE • Sends/receives messages • CONNECTIVE • MUSCLE • BLOOD • Supports/protects body • Allows movement • Carries oxygen, food through body Body Systems Overview • Digestive • Breaks down food into small bits for cells to use Pathway of Digestion 1. MOUTHDigestion begins, starches broken down (saliva and teeth) 2. ESOPHAGUS Food passes through (peristalsis) Pathway of Digestion 3. STOMACH Chemical & Mechanical digestion (proteins broken down) 4. SMALL INTESTINE Most digestion happens, digestion is completed- find villi for absorbing nutrients Pathway of Digestion 5. LARGE INTESTINE Stores & eliminates undigested food 6. ANUS Solid waste passed out Body Systems Overview • Respiratory • Lungs take in O2 which is combined w/ nutrients for energy Respiratory System • Pathway of oxygen • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mouth/ nose Trachea Two bronchial tubes Bronchi branches Air sacs Capillaries – Blood picks up OXYGEN in capillaries of air sacs – The waste CARBON DIOXIDE is dumped off Path of Oxygen through the Respiratory System Body Systems Overview • Circulatory • Blood transports oxygen from lungs to cell, and wastes from cell to lungs Circulatory System • Pathway of Blood • Blood is pumped by the heart & carried by 3 types of blood vessels: – Arteries- carry blood away from heart (carries CO2) – Veins- carry blood to heart (carries O2) – Capillaries- tiny, thin walls so O2 and CO2 can pass through Body Systems Overview • Nervous • Receiving and sending messages Nervous System • Stimulus Response Pathway • Made of nerve cells (NEURONS) – 1. Senses send signals (stimulus) to brain – 2. Brain decides how to respond (response) – 3. Nerves carry response to proper part Body Systems Overview • Excretory • Ridding body of wastes (water, heat, urine, CO2, salt) Excretory System • LUNGS- excretes CO2, water, • Organs of heat Excretion • SKIN- excretes water, salt, heat • KIDNEYS- excretes water, salt, urine Excretory System • ANUS/LARGE INTESTINE- gets • Organ of rid of feces (s0lid waste) elimination Body Systems Overview • Reproductiv e • Sex cells combine to make offspring (sperm + egg = fertilization) Body Systems Overview • Endocrine • Glands make and release chemical regulators into the blood: hormones to respond to changes inside & outside the body Endocrine System • • GLANDS • • • • Pituitary- controls all other glands Thyroid- regulates metabolism Thymus- fights infection Adrenals- fights body stress Islets of Langerhans- Produces insulin to control blood sugar levels • Gonads/Testes- makes sex cells Body Systems Overview • Muscular • Allows body to move • Muscles only contract (pull)they don’t push Muscular System Diagram Muscular System • Types of muscles • VOLUNTARY (skeletal) – Can control them – Are attached to bones – Work in pairs Muscular System • Types of muscles • INVOLUNTARY (smooth) – Can’t control them – Found in blood vessels, organs, digestive tract Muscular System • Types of muscles • Cardiac (Heart) – Smooth, Involuntary Body Systems Overview • Skeletal • Protects organs, allows movement, makes cells Skeletal System • Joints • How do bones move? • 3 type of joints – Ball & Socket- allows twisting (hips) – Hinge- move in one direction (elbow) – Slightly moveable- limited movement (vertebra & ribs) Ball & Socket Joint Hinge Joint Skeletal System • Bones • Blood cells made in marrowhave calcium Skeletal System • Cartilage • Softer, flexible bone Skeletal System • Ligaments • Holds bone together at joints Skeletal System • Tendons • Cordlike tissue that attaches muscle to bone