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The Human Body by Mrs. Krauss Respiratory System Circulatory System Digestive System Muscular System Skeletal System Digestive System Digestive System Parts and Functions • Your digestive system is like a big tube that carries the food you eat through your body. • It’s main function is to break down nutrients into an absorbable form. • The mouth is the entrance to the food tube. Food is chewed up into a more digestible form. • The esophagus is a muscular tube that squeezes food down to the stomach. • The stomach stores the food for 3-4 hours while digestion is occurring. Its churning breaks down protein. • The liver and the pancreas make chemicals to help break down food. • The gall bladder also makes chemicals to help break down food. • The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. Food enters the duodenum after it leaves the stomach. 5 • The large intestine stores solid wastes and removes water from food. • The small intestine is a 20 foot tube where final digestion takes place. • The anus is the final organ in the digestive system. It is where waste exits the body. 6 Digestive System Gross and Cool Facts! • HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long! • Chewing food takes from 5-30 seconds • Swallowing takes about 10 seconds • Food sloshing in the stomach can last 3-4 hours • It takes 3 hours for food to move through the intestine • Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days! • Americans eat about 700 million pounds of peanut butter. • Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of chocolate a year. • In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!! Respiratory System Main function of the Respiratory System • The major function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen for the cells and remove carbon dioxide from them. 9 Respiratory System Gross and Cool Facts! • Your lungs contain almost 1500 miles of airways and over 300 million alveoli. • Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air. • Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe in air, use the oxygen in it, and release carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Thank goodness! • People tend to get more colds in the winter because we're indoors more often and in close proximity to other people. When people sneeze, cough and even breathe -- germs go flying! Circulatory System Major Function of the Circulatory System • The main function of the circulatory system--also known as the cardiovascular system--is the transportation of nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and other materials. 12 Circulatory System Gross and Cool Facts! • The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels! • An adult's heart pumps nearly 4000 gallons of blood each day! • Your heart beats some 30 million times a year! • The average three-year-old has two pints of blood in their body; the average adult at least five times more! • A "heartbeat" is really the sound of the valves in the heart closing as they push blood through its chambers. Muscular System Major Function of the Muscular System • The major function of the muscular system is to move body parts. 15 Muscular System Gross and Cool Facts! • You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning. • Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! • The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks. Skeletal System Major Functions of the Skeletal System • The skeletal system if very important. If we did not have bones, we would be blobs of “jelly.” • The major functions of the skeletal system are: support of the body, a place for the muscles to attach, and the protection of vital organs. 18 Skeletal System Gross and Cool Facts! • The human hand has 27 bones; your face has 14! • The longest bone in your body? Your thigh bone, the femur -- it's about 1/4 of your height. The smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear which can measure 1/10 of an inch. • Did you know that humans and giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks? Giraffe neck vertebrae are just much, much longer! • You have over 230 moveable and semimoveable joints in your body. Sources • All information for this presentation was taken from the science textbook: • Science: Order and Reality. A Beka Books, Pensacola, Fl, 1993. 20