Download circulatory system

BLOOD
The circulatory
system moves
blood through the
body.
Blood consists
of 2 parts: liquid
and solid.
Blood performs 5 jobs:
*transports food, water, oxygen
*carries waste
*carries chemical signals to
cells far apart
*fights disease and infection
*distributes heat
RBC’s (red blood
cells) are produced
every second in the
marrow of long
bones.
There are over 27 trillion
RBC’s in the body and
they are produced every
second in the marrow of
bones.
RBC’S
WBC’s (white blood
cells) are much larger
than RBC’s and help
defend against bacteria
and infection.
WBC
Hemoglobin allows
oxygen to attach
itself to RBS’s to be
carried to all the cells
in the body.
Hemoglobin is
what gives RBC’s
their red color.
Platelets release a
sticky protein that
forms a clot and
allows healing.
Platelets stick to
each other and to
edges of torn blood
vessels.
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
The heart is the most
important part of our
cardiovascular system.
It is a hollow mass of
muscle that is slightly
larger than a man’s fist
and weighs only about
a half pound.
The circulatory system
is comprised of the
heart, the lungs,
arteries, veins,
arterioles, venules, and
capillaries.
In the blood oxygen
and food are
circulated and waste
products are
removed.
The constant
circulation of blood is
required for cells to
remain alive and
healthy.
A measurement of
how fast a heart
beats is called the
pulse.
A measurement of
how hard a heart
beats is called the
blood pressure.
The muscles that make
the heart beat are
involuntary. That means
that a person has no
conscious control over
moving them.
The heart is located
a little to the left of
the middle of the
chest.
lung
heart
lung
heart
It has 4 separate
chambers and basically
consists of a left pump
and a right pump working
side by side.
The right pump is
responsible for sending
blood to the lungs for
oxygen.
The left pump
sends blood to the
various parts of the
body.
These two pumps are
divided into two
separate sections: the
atrium and the
ventricle.
The right side of
the heart has a right
atrium and a right
ventricle.
The left side of the
heart has a left
atrium and a left
ventricle.
Atriums are smaller
areas where blood
returning from the
veins pools when the
ventricles relax.
atrium
atrium
(top chamber)
ventricle
ventricle
(bottom chamber)
When the two thickwalled ventricles
contract (at the same
time), the atriums
empty into them.
The right ventricle then
sends the blood to the
lungs and the left
ventricle send blood to
the rest of the body.
Blood leaves the
ventricles in
arteries.
All blood movement is
controlled by the
relaxing and
contracting of the two
ventricles.
The brain sends signals to
trigger the ventricles to
relax or contract and
keeps the steady beat of
the heart going.
As blood leaves the heart it
travels from the largest vessels
in the body (arteries and veins)
through smaller and smaller
vessels (arterioles and venules)
until it reaches the smallest
vessels in the body, the
capillaries.
Capillaries are the
connectors between
arteries and veins.
A wall called the
septum separates
the right and left
sides of the heart.
septum
Two sets of oneway valves
separate the
atriums from the
ventricles.
They only open in one
direction. This allows
the blood to only flow
one way in the body.
A murmur is a condition
where a valve does not
seal tightly together and
some blood is allowed
to flow back through it.
Blood flows from
the heart to the two
lungs through the
pulmonary arteries.
Once in the lungs, the
blood collects oxygen
inhaled by the person
and disposes of
carbon dioxide.
The blood exits the
lungs and reenters
the heart through
the pulmonary
veins.
After it travels through the
left atrium and left
ventricle, the blood is
pumped into the largest
vessel in the body, the
aorta.
The aorta is about 1” in
diameter, making it the
largest vessel in the
body.
The blood returns
to the heart
through the vena
cava veins.
The heart is
covered with a
thick-walled sac
called the
pericardium.
It is filled with a thin
layer of fluid and a
layer of fat that
support, cushion, and
lubricate the heart as it
beats.
The heart receives
blood from 2
arteries that branch
off the aorta.
These 2 arteries are
called the right and
left coronary
arteries.
Respiratory
System
The organs of the
respiratory system
bring the needed
oxygen into the body
for the cells to use.
They also rid the
body of waste
products, such as
carbon dioxide, that
the cells produce.
The main organs of the
respiratory system are the
lungs. The other parts
include the trachea,
mouth, nose, epiglottis,
and larynx.
The trachea is a long,
hollow tube that extends
from the mouth to the
lungs. It has rings made of
cartilage that surround it.
TRACHEA
LUNG
The epiglottis is a
flap of tissue that
opens and closes.
It is located in the
back of the throat and
seals the trachea
during eating and
drinking.
It prevents fluids or
solids from entering
the trachea and
reaching the lungs.
The larynx (or voicebox)
is also located near the
back of the throat. It is
attached to the trachea
and contains the vocal
cords.
LARYNX
The lungs are a
pair of organs
located in the
chest.
L
U
N
G
S
lungs
The right and left side
of the lungs are
separated by the heart,
trachea, esophagus, and
blood vessels.
Air is usually
inhaled through
the nose and
warmed in the
nasal cavity.
The warmed air
continues its journey
by passing through a
long tube called the
trachea.
When the trachea
reaches the lungs, it
divides into 2 tubes
called bronchi. One
bronchi goes to each
side of the lungs.
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
They finally end in
microscopic sacs
called alveoli.
A
L
V
E
O
L
I
It is inside the alveoli
that the exchange of
carbon dioxide for
oxygen takes place.
Once inside, the bronchi
divides into smaller
branches called
bronchioles, which keep
getting smaller and
smaller.
There are about 300
MILLION of these airsacs
in the lungs, and they
empty and fill about
15,000 times a day.
Inside the lungs there are
also microscopic hairs
called cilia. These hairs
help trap inhaled particles
such as dust and other
pollutants.
The inflation of the lungs,
which allows inhalation is
controlled by a thick
muscle located at the
bottom of the chest
cavity.
This muscle is
called the
diaphragm.
D
I
A
P
H
R
A
G
M
When a person takes a
breath, the diaphragm
contracts and is pulled
downward. This creates
more space in the chest.
The lungs fill with air to
help fill this space.
When a person exhales,
the diaphragm relaxes
and rushes upward.
There is no longer any
empty space in the
chest and the lungs are
forced to rid
themselves of the air
they were storing.