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Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 38 By: Chris Brennan Honors Biology Pd. 6 (2003) Modified by Mrs. M (2006) Editor Dylan Wartluft (2006) Arthropods Key Characteristics – – – – – – – Invertebrates Bilateral symmetry Coelom Segmentation Exoskeleton made of chitin Jointed Appendages Distinct Head, usually with compound eyes Check this site out! http://www.bio.indiana.edu/facultyresearch/sciencepics/kumar5.jpg Definitions Compound Eyes - eye made of thousands of individual units. Exoskeleton – hard external covering of some invertebrates Molting – a periodic shedding of an arthropod’s exoskeleton Spiracles – respiratory opening on certain arthropods that allows for passage of air into the body Tracheae – in certain arthropods, fine tubes that extend into the interior of the body, used for gas exchange Thorax – mid-body region in arthropods http://manduca.entomology.wisc.edu/images/manducatrachea.jpg Definitions Cephalothorax – the body region in some arthropods that consists of a head fused with a thorax Pedipalps - in Arachnids, a second pair of appendages that are modified to catch and handle prey Carapace –shield like plate covering the cephalothorax of decapods Swimmerets – found in Crustaceans, attached to the underside of the abdomen and used for swimming and reproduction Chelipeds – in Crustaceans, a modified pair of legs that is used to catch and handle prey for feeding Mandible – chewing mouthpart found in many arthropods Chelicerae – paired mouthparts of arachnids and their relatives that are modified into fangs or pinchers Examples Class Insecta: ant, butterfly, ladybug Class Crustacea: lobster, shrimp Class Arachinida: spider, tick, mite Class Chilopoda: centipedes Class Diplopoda: millipedes Click images for links Nutrition Herbivores Carnivores Parasites Scavengers GREAT VARIETY Systems Digestive: 2 openings with specialized organs. Excretory: Varies. Terrestrial arthropods have malpighian tubules. Nervous: Brain and sensory organs. Reproductive: Sexual with separate sexes. Systems Support: Exoskeleton (advantages and disadvantages) Respiration: Spiracles and trachea, gills, book lungs Circulation: Open circulatory system Class Crustacea Description – 2 body sections: cephalothorax, abdomen – 2 pairs of Antennae Mandibles – Mostly aquatic (GILLS) Interesting Facts: •Lobster blood is clear •Lobsters can regenerate legs, claws, and antennae •Female lobsters carry thousands of eggs on their swimmerets Examples – Crayfish, lobsters, and crabs. Class Archnida Description – 2 body sections: cephalothorax and abdomen – Terrestrial – Use book lungs and tracheae to breathe – 4 pairs of legs Examples: spider, tick, Scorpion, mite Interesting Facts: •Scientists have combined the DNA from a goat and spider to create an animal which produces silk five times stronger than steel •There may be 1000 spider eggs in an egg sac the size of a pea • A jumping spider can jump forty times its own body length Anatomy Class Chilopoda Description – Flat body – Contains 15 - 170+ segments on body – 1 pair of legs on Interesting Facts: •Centipedes can live up to 6 years each segment •Centipedes can grow up to a half foot •Centipedes run a way from predators or – Carnivore Example – Centipede fight back Class Diplopoda – Rounded Body – Body contains 15 – 200 segments – 2 pairs of legs attached to each segment – Herbivores Interesting Facts: •Most millipedes are harmless but a few are dangerous •One millipede is almost luminescent, but it is blind •Some millipedes live in a colony of ants cleaning up the ants debris. This millipede will even move when the ants move. Description Example – Millipede Class Name means a.k.a. #pr. Legs/seg Body shape Eating habits Aggressiveness Breathing Chilopoda Diplopoda Class Insecta Description – – – – 3 body sections: Head, thorax, and abdomen 3 pairs of legs, attached to thorax Wings (usually) Spiracles and Trachea Interesting Facts: •40,000 ants have collectively the same size brain as a human •Ants live about 45-60 days •There are over 10000 known species of ants Order Coleoptera Diptera Lepidoptera Hymenoptera Odonata Orthoptera Siphonaptera Examples Mimicry Mullerian Mimicry – REAL – Species that have a particular defense mechanism have similar coloration – Ex. Red/Black = Poison; Yellow/Black stripes = sting (bees, wasps) Batesian Mimicry – FAKE – Disguised to look like it has a defense mechanism, but it’s harmless. – Ex. Hover fly = stripes; Viceroy butterfly = monarch look-alike Metamorphosis Complete Contains 4 parts – Egg – Larva (often called caterpillar) – Pupa in crysalis or cocoon – Adult Example: Butterfly Incomplete Includes 3 parts – Eggs – Nymph Smaller non-functioning wings cannot reproduce – Adult Example: Grasshopper molt scarab.msu.montana.edu Ecological Impact Positive – – – – Pollinators Decomposers Food source Indicate stream health – Forensic value Negative – Destroy crops – Carry disease Citations for Slide 5 www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/bio/zoo/ant.jpg fohn.net/monarch-butterfly-pictures/monarchbutterfly_large.jpg www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactSheet/Im ages/Lobster.jpg www.rammerjammeryellowhammer.com/weblog/shr imp-1.jpg www.timart.be/Npaginas/foto/wolf_spider.jpg http://ppdl.org/dd/images/centipede.jpeg http://www.uidaho.edu/soid/entomology/Home_&_Garden/millipede.jpg