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The Circulatory System Transport System • Just like Nervous System is your body’s “Control Center,” Your Circulatory System has an important job. • It is your body’s “Transport System!” • It’s like a bus driving along a highway system all over the country. It takes things where they need to go! • It’s like a bus driving along a highway system all over the country. It takes things where they need to go! What’s it’s Job??? • It delivers essential materials to body cells and removes the waste materials from the cell. • Another name for this body system is the Cardiovascular System. How Does it Work?? • Blood takes substances to different parts of your body. • Along the way, it stops at different transfer stations (organs), picks up the needed nutrients, and takes them to the cells. Parts of the Circulatory System • 3 parts: –Heart –Blood Vessels –Blood Let’s Start with the Heart! • It’s a pump • It moves blood through 2 major pathways: – Pulmonary Circulation- flow of blood from the heart to the lungs, and then back to the heart. – Systemic Circulation- moves blood to all the body tissues except the lungs Parts of the Heart… • Your heart is divided into 4 Chambers: • The 2 upper chambers = Atriums • The 2 lower champers = Ventricles • Your heart also has Valves – Valves open and close in the same direction to control the flow of blood in the heart. Pulmonary Circulation – Pulmonary Arteries: -carry blood with carbon dioxide from your heart to your lungs. (BLUE) – Pulmonary Veins:-carry blood filled with oxygen from your lungs to your heart (RED) *80,000 miles of blood vessels are in your body!* What Makes up your Blood??? • Your blood has both Liquid and Solid Parts -Liquid Part: Plasma -transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other materials. -Solid Parts: 1. Red Blood Cells- take oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells. 2. White Blood Cells- help fight diseases and germs by attacking them when they enter the body 3. Platelets- help blood clot, which seals cuts and prevents blood loss. Blood Transfusions: • You can actually die if you lose too much blood! • If your blood isn’t healthy, you can have a Blood Transfusion- you get hooked up to a machine and it switches your bad blood with someone else’s healthy blood (who donated it to the blood bank). Blood Types • There are 4 MAIN blood types: (A, B, AB, and 0) • If you have to have a blood transfusion, it has to be with someone who has your same blood type! • If not, it is dangerous! You could have side effects like having a very high fever, difficulty breathing, and it could result in death. •Major organization that deals with blood donations! • Blood donations are taken to a Blood Bank • They make sure the blood is safe and clean – Only people in good health can donate blood – A new needle is used every time someone else gives blood. – All blood that is given is tested for diseases, and it is thrown out if it is infected. Blood Vessels • -There are 3 types of blood vessels: • Arteries- they carry blood away from the heart • Veins- they carry blood from the body back to the heart • Capillaries- tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells, and then from the cells to the veins (which takes it back to the heart). Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. • If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways. • Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. • Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html) Blood Pressure Numbers Category Normal Systolic (top number) Diastolic (bottom number) Less than 120 And Less than 80 120–139 Or 80–89 Stage 1 140–159 Or 90–99 Stage 2 160 or higher Or 100 or higher Pre-hypertension High blood pressure (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html) Hypertension • (High Blood Pressure) • Description: Blood pressure higher than normal for a long time, can lead to heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure • Treatment: Reduce stress/ change diet to reduce intake of sodium, fats, and cholesterol/ medication/ getting regular check ups • Description: Cluster of blood cells blocks a blood vessel in the brain Stroke • Treatment: Reduce stress/ change diet to reduce intake of sodium, fats, and cholesterol/ medication/ getting regular check ups Heart Attack • Description: Something stops blood flow in the heart (cholesterol, etc. blocks a blood vessel in the heart) • Treatment: Reduce stress/ change diet to reduce intake of sodium, fats, and cholesterol/ medication/ getting regular check ups Arteriosclerosis • Description: The artery walls harden- it is caused by a diet high in fat and cholesterol • Treatment: Reduce stress/ change diet to reduce intake of sodium, fats, and cholesterol/ medication/ getting regular check ups Anemia • Description: Lack of red blood cells or cells that do not carry enough oxygen- causes weakness and low energy • Treatment: Iron supplements, rest Sickle-Cell Anemia • Description: When your blood is unable to circulate properly Normal Red Blood Cells Sickle Red Blood Cells • Treatment: Blood transfusions and medication Mononucleosis • Aka “Mono” • Description: Viral infection- symptoms are sore throat, swollen glands, and fatigue • Treatment: Bed rest and a well balanced diet Leukemia • (A form of cancer) • Description: Abnormal white blood cells • Treatment: Medication, radiation Hemophilia • Description: When your blood does not clot properly • Treatment: Transfusions of the parts that deal with blood clotting.