Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Animal Respiration Function of Respiratory System • To obtain and use oxygen • To eliminate carbon dioxide Structure and Function • Nostrils - paired, external openings Nostrils • Species Differences – Horse--Very Pliable and Dilatable – Pig--Rigid Advantages of Dilatable Nostrils • Advantageous when more air is required (e.g. Running) • Non-mouth Breathing Structure of Nostrils • Nasal Cavities – Paired – Separated by Nasal Septum, and from mouth by palate Structure of Nostrils • Pharynx – Common pathway for air and food • Larynx – "Voice Box" – Organ of Phonation (Sound Production) – Sound produced by controlled passage of air which – causes vibration of vocal chords Structure of Nostrils • Syrinx – Voice Box for Birds – Located where trachea divides from bronchi • Vibrating Muscles • Trachea – Primary passage way to Lungs – Cartilage Rings prevent collapse of airway • Alveoli – Principle site of gaseous diffusion between air and blood • Lungs – Principle Organ of Respiratory System – Paired, found in Thorax • Thorax expansion causes lung expansion Mechanisms of respiration • Respiratory Cycles – Inspiration • Intake of air • Enlargement of thorax and lungs – Expiration • Removal of air • Types of Breathing – Abdominal • Diaphragmatic – Costal Respiratory Frequency in Number of Respiratory Cycles Per Minute • Varies by species – Horse – 12 – Cow – 29 – Pig – 40 – Sheep – 25 • Obviously body size has a lot to do with respiration rates! Respiratory Rate • Increases with exercise and excitement