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Animal Circulation
Microorganisms to Multicellular Organisms
Circulation of materials in the body
Size matters: microorganisms use simple diffusion and osmosis
Occasionally amplified by facilitated diffusion or active transport
Or vesicular transport!
Altering
shape may
osmosis
make
diffusion
uptake a
diffusion
shorter,
faster path
active transport
Cyclosis in
the cell helps
vesicular transport
circulate
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/amoebafeeding3.jpg
materials
taken up
Sponge Morphology
http://www.cruisecortez.com/img/jpg/sponge.jpg
Basic Sponge Anatomy: Fundamentally two-layered body wall
Ostia surrounded by porocyte permit entry of water and particulates
Flagellated cells feed on particulates and move water out osculum
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/life/slides/phyla/sponge.gif
Sponge choanocyte: feeding flagellated cell with microvilli collar
microvilli
flagellum
http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/images/anatepon/epo17b.jpg
This is a colony of polyps with tentacles for
feeding
Cnidarians have just the
two tissue layers, so
internal circulation is not
critical, exchanges are
diffusion
The yellow-brown
color is due to
endosymbiotic
dinoflagellates
Polyplacophora: chitons
The most-primitive mollusc has 8
valves (plates) protecting its soft
tissues beneath. The chiton foot
attaches to rocks and the animal
uses its radula to scrape organic
material from the rock surfaces.
http://www.dec.ctu.edu.vn/sardi/mollusc/images/chiton.jpg
http://www.birdsasart.com/red%20Chiton.jpg
After working hard to remove the “suck rock” organism from
the rock, the ventral surface of the chiton shows the obvious
mollusc features.
gills
foot
mouth
(radula inside)
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20
lectures/animal%20diversity/protostomes/chiton_ventral_surface.jpg
This cartoon shows a longitudinal slice of a chiton with the
three principal parts: foot (locomotion or attachment),
visceral mass (internal organs), and mantle (secretes
valves).
dorsal aorta gonad
heart
valve plates
pericardial cavity
(coelom)
hemocoel
ventricle
auricle
radula
mantle
mouth
anus
foot
digestive stomach
nephridium
nephridiopore
gland
ventral
gonopore
nerve
cord
(not shown)
How does the bivalve know you are swimming by? Eyes!
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/images/other_spec/scallop_eyes.jpg
Evaginated gills provide increased surface area for gas exchange
This cartoon is shows a plane of section perpendiular to the previous one.
The foot can push a
bivalve through
sediments.
The food-trapping
gills are used for
gas exchange.
The heart pumps
the blood into the
hemocoel bathing
the tissues. It goes
through the gills for
gas exchange. The
blood then returns
to the heart. This is
an open circulation
system.
hinge and ligament
shell
heart
nephridium
intestine
mantle
gonad
gills
foot
Nephridia cleanse the blood of nitrogenous waste.
Open Circulatory Systems
Fig 45.19 Page 917
Hemocyanin and hemoglobin are present in this group
Hemocyanin is plesiomorphic and less efficient than hemoglobin