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Transcript
Plant Adaptations Piture Plant Piture Plant Bromelliad Cactus Cactus Succulent Succulent Fragrant Flowers Fragrant Flowers Brightly-colored Flowers Brightly-colored Flowers Brightly-colored Flowers Brightly-colored Flowers Plant Tropisms – plants growth response to an external stimulus • Gravitropism – positive – downward growth – roots, negative – upward growth toward the light source – Stimulus: • Phototropism – plant growth in response to light – Stimulus: • Thigmotropism – growth toward a point of contact – Stimulus • Hydrotropism – growth of roots towards the closest water source – Stimulus: Plants and Hormones • Giberellins – Cause cell elongation, stimulate cell division and affect seed growth – stems will grow – Dwarf plants often do not have Giberellin • Auxins – Stimulates the lengthening and elongation of cells • Ethylene – Gaseous hormone – promotes ripening of fruits – Farming industry will pick vegetables and fruits before they ripen, so they won’t get bruised and then once they have arrived at their destination, they will spray them with ethylene to help them to ripen Animal Behaviors Behaviors can be…. • Innate – behavior is genetically based and not linked to past experience OR • Learned – results from interaction between innate behaviors and past experiences within a particular environment Innate Behaviors • Fixed Action Pattern – carrying out a specific set of actions, in sequence, in response to a stimulus – Ex – Geese recognize when an egg has rolled out of their next – they will instinctively push the egg back into the nest Learned Behaviors • Habituation – decrease in an animal’s response after repeatedly being exposed to a stimuls that has no positive or negative effects – Ex Baby birds in a nest and how they respond to things flying overhead – at first, very scared, then as time passes, they stimulus no longer effects them • Classical Conditioning – occurs when an association is made between 2 different stimuli Classical Conditioning Ecological Behaviors • Imprinting – permanent learning that occurs only within a specific period of time in an animals life – Ex When baby ducks hatch, the first organism they see/ come in contact with is their mother – even when that is not the case • Migratory – animals move with the seasons to increase rate of survival – Ex birds fly south in the winter to wait out the cold • Territorial – attempts to adopt and control a physical area against members of the same species – also against different species – Larger mammals – cats and dogs – marking territory with urine – typically males Ecological Behaviors • Hibernation - is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate – Bears, chipmunks, squirrels • Estivation - known as "summer sleep", is a state of animal dormancy somewhat similar to hibernation. It takes place during times of heat and dryness. – Salamanders burrow in the mud of rivers to stay cool and moist