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The Major Religions of the World How Many Do You Know? List all of the RELIGIONS of the world that you can think of. WORLD RELIGIONS What is a Religion? Religion – an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, practices and worship that centers on one or more gods We will study these…. Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Islam World Religion #1 Judaism Judaism 14 million people world wide 1st “monotheistic” religion in history The Torah, or Jewish holy book, teaches the basic laws of Judaism Established over 3,000 years ago The universal symbol of Judaism is the Star of David, the emblem of King David who ruled the Kingdom of Israel from 1000 – 962 BC Ritual, Worship & Celebration At age 13 Jewish children enter into the religious community with a bar or bat mitzvah The Synagogue is the Jewish house of worship and services are conducted by a rabbi (“teacher”) Many Jews make the pilgrimage to the “Wailing Wall” in Jerusalem, which was built in the 2nd century BC. Some Jews follow strict dietary laws called “Kosher”, which forbids the eating of “unclean” animals such as pigs or shellfish & dictates how certain foods should be prepared Important Jewish holy days include: Chanukah, Rosh Hashanah, and Passover The Western “Wailing” Wall Review Questions On a separate sheet of paper, which will be collected: Answer questions 9 & 10 on page 715 Answer “Primary Source” questions 1 & 2 also on page 715. Just record the letter answer on your paper. World Religion #2 Christianity History of Christianity Founded c.33CE in Palestine – Founded by Jesus and his followers – Jesus is believed to be the messiah The most important symbol is the Cross – Symbols the death of Jesus Currently, main locations are: – Europe – North America – South America Christian Population throughout the World Christianity Beliefs Sacred Text – The Bible (Old and New Testament) Important Rituals & Worship Practices – Baptism & Communion are two important rituals (sacraments) Major Holidays – Easter, Christmas, Lent, Advent Belief in God – One God (a trinity of Father, Son, Holy Spirit) Christianity Facts Over 2B followers…largest religion in the world Major Sects – Roman Catholic (RCC) – Eastern Orthodox (EO) – Protestant House of Worship – Church or Chapel Leaders of the Church – Hierarchy of priests and Pope (RCC) and (EO) Canterbury Cathedral, England Review Questions On the same sheet of paper where you answered the Judaism questions: Answer questions 3 & 4 on page 715. World Religion #3 Hinduism Hinduism Third largest religion in the world Formulated by 1500BCE Based on basic principles are found in 4 Vedas – sacred writings Priests are called Brahmins There is no “leader” or “founder” Practiced mostly in India Early Hinduism Polytheistic Religion – Thousands of deities (are all part of the one supreme being) – One universal spirit – Brahman – Three Major Gods • Brahma, Vishnu, & Shiva Reincarnation – passing through many lives to reach the Brahman Karma – consequences of how a person lives Hinduism Beliefs God in Hinduism is the Supreme Being – Everywhere, all-knowing, and all-powerful The purpose of life is to obtain liberation from the cycle of reincarnation. – People reach true enlightenment and happiness when they free themselves of earthly desires Hinduism Information Rituals – Worship at home and in temples – Temples can have multiple shrines to gods – Worship as individuals and families, not as a congregation – Yoga Hindu Celebrations Celebrations – Diwali • Hindu New Year – Festival of Holi • Triumph of good over evil – Pilgrimage to the Ganges River in India • Hindus believe the river has healing powers Review Questions Page 715 answer questions 5 & 6 on your review questions page World Religion #4 Buddhism Who is the Buddha? Founder-Siddhartha Gautama (c.520BCE) – Known as the Buddha or “enlightened one” Present spiritual leader -Dalai Lama – Head of Buddhist Church 4th largest religion in the world today – Mainly found in China, Japan, Korea, SE Asia Buddhist Beliefs Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path The only way to the truth is to give up all desires Purpose of life is to escape the cycle of rebirth and attain nirvana – Nirvana – a state of wisdom Reincarnation Dharma Wheel Buddhist Worshipping Worship Practices – Meditation – deep thought & reflection – Offering of gifts of food, flowers, or candles Rituals – Importance of the lotus flower • Believer can blossom while rooted in the impurity of the world The Dalai Lama – The present spiritual leader of Buddhism Current Population of Worldwide Buddhism Review Questions Page 715 questions 1 & 2 World Religion #5 Islam History of Islam Founded in 622CE – Founded by Muhammad in Saudi Arabia – Muhammad is considered to be a prophet – A messenger of Allah (God) Two Major Sects (split c.650CE) – Sunni – Shia (or Shiite) Muhammad Islamic Beliefs Five Pillars of Islam – Faith • Allah is the one true God – Prayer • Five times a day – Charity • Giving to the poor – Fast • During Ramadan – Pilgrimage to Mecca Islamic Beliefs Sacred Text – Qur’an (Koran) Religious Law – Sharia House of Worship – Mosque Leaders of the Religion – imams Islam Facts Over 1B followers…second largest religion in the world Major Areas in the World – Middle East – SE Asia Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast during the day – Most important day is the “Night of Power” • The night that the angel Gabriel 1st spoke to Muhammad The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia Blue Mosque Istanbul, Turkey Review Questions Page 715 #’s 7 & 8 World Religion #6 Mormonism Mormonism The Church of Ladder-Day Saints (LDS) – Followers are known as Mormons Founder-Joseph Smith – Translated a sacred history of the Americas, known as the Book of Mormon in 1830 The Mormon Church Way of Life – Belief in prophets (Gordon B. Hinckley) – God (Father), Christ (Son), & the Holy Ghost are three separate individuals – Must give up alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea – Must give 10% of income to church – House of Worship: Temple or Church San Diego Mormon Temple San Diego, California Salt Lake Temple Salt Lake City, Utah The Mormon Church Sacred Texts – The Book of Mormon, the Christian Bible, Doctrines & Covenants Current Headquarters: Salt Lake City, Utah To Achieve Salvation: Faith and works…works are emphasized (missionary) Today there are more than 12 millions followers, half outside the US