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Religion
The Way iT Was…
The Way iT is…
The Way iT Will be…
The Five Major World Religions
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Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Christianity
• Most widespread
religion in the world
• Present in the USA,
Canada, South
America, Australia,
and England, among
others
• Various forms exist
including Roman
Catholic, Lutheran,
Methodist, Baptist
Christianity’s Beliefs
• Originated as a cult, propelled by Jesus,
Himself
• Monotheism-belief in a single divine power
– Trinity: unique version of the Supreme Being:
God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit
• Believe in a final judgement by God
Judaism
• Something less than a
world religion with only 15
million followers around
the world
• Only in Israel do Jews
represent the national
majority
• USA has largest
concentration of Jews (6
million)
• 3 main denominations:
Orthodox, Reform, and
Conservative Jews
Judaism Beliefs
• Covenant: special relationship with God by
which Jews became the “chosen people.”
• Regard Old Testament as a record of their
history and a statement of the duties of
Jewish life
• Emphasizes moral behavior on earth
Hinduism
• Oldest of all world
religions
• 14% of all humanity
are Hindus
• Remains an Eastern
Religion, located in
India,
Pakistan,Indonesia,
and South Africa
• Not linked to the life
of a single person
Hinduism Beliefs
• Dharma: moral force in the universe that
gives everyone responsibilities
• Karma: a belief in the spiritual process f
the human soul
– All actions have spiritual consequences
– Reincarnation
• No judgement by supreme being, only
when a soul reaches Moksha (spiritual
perfection) will it not be reborn
Buddhism
• 350 million Buddhists
(6% of people)
• Located in Thailand,
Cambodia, Japan,
India, and China
• Resembles Hinduism
in doctrine, but stems
from the life of one
person, Buddha
Buddhist Beliefs
• Believe much of life involves suffering
• Must transcend materialism through
meditation to achieve Nirvana, spiritual
enlightenment and peace
• No judgement by a supreme being, but
every action has spiritual consequences
– Reincarnation
– Enlightenment frees a person from suffering
Islam
• The majority of
people in the Middle
East are Muslims
• 1.2 billion followers
(20% of humanity)
• Follow the teachings
of Muhammad-a
prophet, not a divine
being
Islam Beliefs
• Qur’an: word of God transmitted through
Muhammad--submission to Allah as the
path to inner peace
• 5 Pillars of Islam:
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1. Allah is one true God, Muhammad his messenger.
2. Ritual prayer
3. Give alms to the poor.
4. Fast during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage at least once to Mecca
Islam Beliefs
• Final judgment by God
• Muslims must defend their faith--holy wars
(jihad) against nonbelievers.
– Many countries recently have tried to rid their
society of morally wrong Western influences
Historical Religious Conflict
Crusades
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Roman Catholic Christianity vs. Turks Muslim
1095 A.D.- 1099 A.D.
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Palestine and Israel (Mainly the Jerusalem region)
Pope Urban II called for the Christians of
Europe to battle the Muslims and regain
Jerusalem for Christianity
Aftermath of Crusades
• Europeans carved out four
states in Palestine
• Many castles and fortresses
were built to protect the states
from Muslim forces.
• The Muslims gradually
recaptured the territory, and
European presence in
Palestine ended in 1291.
• These events would later
come back to hurt relations in
the future between these
peoples.
Balkans Impact
The Balkan Wars profoundly influenced the
European history. They created a strong
and ambitious Serbia, and anti-Serbian
sentiment in neighboring Austria-Hungary.
The conflict had severely damaged the
European alliances and helped kindle the
volatile conditions that led to the outbreak
of World War I.
Palestinian Conflict
• Throughout history Palestine, located on the
eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, was
conquered many times by invaders
• The Arab-Israeli Conflict is mostly a 20th-century
conflict between Arabs and Jews in the Middle
East over the land of historic Palestine.
• Zionism, the reuniting of Jewish people in
Palestine.
Palestinian Conflict
• In 1922 the British separated Palestine
into two territories: land east of the Jordan
River became the Emirate of Transjordan
which is now Jordan; land to the west,
from Lebanon and Syria in the north to
Egypt in the south, remained Palestine
Palestinian Conflict
• Both Jews and Arabs conducted terrorist
attacks and intermittent, low-level warfare.
Both groups resisted the British,
particularly when a British policy was
believed to benefit one side over the other.
The struggle was reflected in political
efforts to control land, institutions, and the
economy.
Palestinian Conflict
• In the Arab-Israeli War of 1948 Arab forces
had expected an easy victory over the
small and isolated Jewish state, but
despite heavy casualties Israel won
• Israel also increased the land under its
control. The region just west of the Jordan
River known as the West Bank
Palestinian Conflict
• The demoralized Arab world was unwilling
to accept the Israeli victory, and shortly
after the war the Arabs began to regroup
for more fighting
• In 1967 several Arab states called for war.
Assuming the Arabs would attack, Israel
struck first, and caught the Arabs by
surprise
• In the Six-Day War that followed, Israel
demolished the armies and air forces of
the Arabs. It also gained control of the
West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza
Strip, the Golan Heights region of
southwestern Syria, and all of Jerusalem
• Today, the United States
continues to try and negotiate
peace in the middle east and
with every attempt there is a
strong opposition from the
public of the Arabs and
Israelis.
Religious Terrorism
Muslim Beliefs
• Believe in one God “Allah.”
• Believe in the Prophets.
• Their holy book is the Qur’an.
• Believe in the day of Judgment.
• Believe in Angels.
Judaism
• Believe in a single God.
• Believe that God is continuously at
work throughout the world.
• God is above and beyond all
earthly things.
Jaish-e-Muhammad
• The group is from
Pakistan.
• Group has preformed
many killings and suicide
bombings.
• The latest was in
Kashmir, India.
• A suicide bomber drove a
car filled with explosives
into the Kashmir
legislative counsil
building.
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
 They are national
terrorists
 Commit many bombings
and suicide car bombings
 Have performed many
bombings in Ireland, UK,
and Germany.
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Have committed
patterns of Global
terrorism
• Composed of
numerous guerrilla
groups
• “Al Fatah,” the largest
of the groups is lead
by Yasir Arafat.
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In Conclusion
• Religion covers the world, it is hard not to be
influenced by some type of religious group.
• The Historically Conflicts dealing with religion
have been raging for eons.
• The fact that we consider ourselves more
educated now does not influence religion.
• There are many people that have dealt with this
in the past and we will have to continue to
struggle to reach peace.
Conclusion
• The Future is unknown when dealing with the
present conflicts
• The past shows us that this is not a simple who’s
right and who’s wrong.
• The fighting may continue on for many many
years to come
• The goals are to try to satisfy many different
people with many views
• In the end what will happen in Ultimately
unknown, but the future as of now holds the
hope that some day this will be over.