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Civil War Erupts First Shots fired at Fort Sumter • Located in the harbor of • • Charleston South Carolina Most Federal forts were being taken over by the Rebels. President Lincoln had to make a decision – Supply Fort Sumter – Take no action Fort Sumter • Southern Rebels decided • • • to attack the fort before reinforcements could arrive. Battle lasted for 34 hours The Fort was surrendered to the South No one was killed Lincoln calls out the militia • Two days following Fort Sumter 75,000 enlist for 90 days to put down the uprising • Southern leaders respond with anger and within 2 weeks Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded. The Confederate Strategy • Didn’t want to invade the North just wanted to be independent. – “All we asked is to be let alone” • King Cotton – South thought since Southern Cotton was so important in the European markets that France and Britain would aide in their desire for independence The Confederate Strategy • They would withhold cotton from the market. – Europe had enough from the year before – Didn’t want to get involved in an American War • As the war moved on they decided to take a more offensive role. Union Strategy • The Anaconda Plan – How does an anaconda kill it’s prey? • Constricts it until it dies – The plan was to smother the Confederate economy forcing them back into the Union. Set up a Blockade – Biggest problem is that it would take some time to work General George McClellan • 1st General of the Union Army during the Civil War • He was an engineer and meticulous planner – Biggest problem with cautiously planning his moves is that he moved to slow!!! • He would be fired for a more reckless and offensive Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant • 2nd General of the Union Army during the Civil War – Was a failure in many ventures I in life • War Strategy: – “Find out where your enemy is, get at him as soon as you can strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.” Why was Grant more successful than McClellan in Lincoln’s eyes? Ulysses S. Grant • Led the battle in the West – Tennessee to Alabama – Won battles at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson • These victories opened the travel of the Tennessee River as far as Alabama. • He would also lead the troops at the Battle of Shiloh, • which was the bloodiest battle early on in the War Many wanted President Lincoln to replace Grant because of the high casualties – Lincoln replied, "I can't spare this man--he fights." Robert E. Lee • Career military leader • Graduated 2nd in his class at West Point • Was very much against slavery and secession. – “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.” • Would Command the Confederate Army • Though the Confederates lost, many still regard him as the best Gen. of the Civil War. Those who fought • Soldiers were between • • • • • the ages of 18-30 yrs old ½ the soldiers were farmers Immigrants German and Irish In the beginning neither the north or south accepted African Americans 2 million Union 1 million Confederate Military Technology • Rifle- a gun with a • grooved barrel causing the bullet to spin Ironclads- warship covered in iron. – Most famous was the Merrimack from Virginia 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • The battle was won by the Confederates • General Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall” • Confederates would attack with a blood curdling yell known as the “Rebel Yell” • Rebels felt the war was over! • Union realizes that they have under estimated their opponents Battle of Shiloh • April 1862 • Near Shiloh Church – Southern Tennessee – Along the Tennessee River • Early on in the War it was one of the Bloodiest battles Battle of Shiloh • Union – William T. Sherman • Has 3 horses shot out from under him. • Casualties: – 13,000 • Both sides anticipated victory but the Union would force the Confederate troops to retreat. • Confederate – Gen. Albert S. Johnston • Shot and Killed in action – Gen. P.T. Beauregard • Takes Command – Casualties: – 11,000 of 41,000 Bloody Antietam • September 17, 1862 – Near… Sharpsburg, Maryland • Casualties: – 25,000 • Lee lost 1/3 of his fighting force • McClellan did not pursue to finish off the Confederate force. Bloody Antietam • Results… – The casualty rate was so high that there was no clear winner. • President Lincoln will be furious that Gen. McClellan doesn’t pursue Gen. Lee – McClellan will be fired at the conclusion of the Battle.