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Section 16.3:
The Civil War Begins
• Union General Irvin McDowell
led 35,000 inexperienced
soldiers 25 miles to Manassas
Junction near a stream called
Bull Run in northern Virginia
• Camped on the banks of Bull
Run, the Confederates were
ready for the attack
Irvin McDowell
– On July 21, 1861, the battle
began
• Confederate troops under
General Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson defeated the Union
Army at Bull Run
Stonewall Jackson
Western Campaign
• In February of 1862, General
Ulysses S. Grant, leader of the
Union army, and the navy’s
gunboats, captured Fort Henry
Ulysses S.
Grant
– Gunboat – armed ship used
for battle
• Under the direction of
Admiral David G. Farragut,
the Union also gained control
of most of the Mississippi Valley
David G.
Farragut
Monitor and Merrimac
• On March 8, 1862, the Confederates raised a sunken
Union ship, the U.S.S. Merrimac and renamed it
Virginia
– The Confederates then covered the vessel with iron
plates so it could not be damaged by cannonballs
– This kind of ship was called an ironclad
• The North also had an ironclad called the Monitor
• The two ships had a battle in March of 1862
because the Confederates wanted to break the
northern blockade
– Neither ship won the battle
• Confederates later destroyed the Merrimac to
keep it from falling into the hands of the North
• The Monitor sank off the coast of North
Carolina
• The Merrimac and the Monitor were the first
ironclad ships to be used in battle
Seven Days Battle
• General George B.
McClellan led his troops
toward Virginia
• Generals Robert E. Lee
and Stonewall Jackson
were ready for the attacks on Richmond
• Knowing his army was outnumbered,
McClellan retreated after the seven days
Manassas, Antietam, and
Fredericksburg
• In late August of 1862, a second battle
was fought at Manassas (Bull Run)
• The Confederate army again defeated the
Union soldiers
• General Lee then changed his plan from
defense to offense; He prepared to attack
Maryland
• On Sept 17, 1862, General McClellan and his
Union army of the Potomac blocked Lee at
Sharpsburg, Maryland, on Antietam Creek
• The Battle of Antietam
turned out to be the one of
the bloodiest battles of the
war
• At the end of the fighting,
Lee was forced to retreat
• McClellan did not follow Lee
into Virginia
– For this reason Lincoln removed McClellan as a
Union leader, replacing him with General Ambrose
Burnside
16.3 PowerPoint Questions
(True/False: If the statement is false, replace the
underlined word to make the sentence true)
1.) The Union army won the second Battle of
Manassas.
2.) General Grant captured Fort Henry.
3.) The Confederates destroyed the Merrimac.
4.) The Union won the Seven Days Battles.
5.) General Lee and the Confederate army
attacked Maryland.
C.T.) How does the battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimac show that the Civil War was a
different kind of war from wars in the past?