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Chapter 10 & 11 Civil War & Reconstruction THE CIVIL WAR • The Union Divides • The Real War Begins • The Goals of War Change • Life Goes on Behind the Lines • The Road to Peace is Rugged Lincoln The Civil War 1860 - 1865 Reconstruction 1866 - 1877 • Lincoln takes office, March, 1861 • 7 states secede (map) ... 4 more join the Confederacy (VA, AK, TN, & NC) after shots fired on Fort Sumter, SC Fort Sumter Fort Sumnter • Gov’t property seized in the south, Lincoln’s goal: to preserve the Union • April, 1861 …Ft. Sumter fired upon by Confederate forces…the war has begun. • Copperheads-Northern Dem. oppose the war and Lincoln. South & Border States • Lincoln seizes control of the border states (MD,MO,KY,&DE) • Riots break out in Baltimore, MD • Lincoln takes control…martial law declared/habeas corpus suspended • North & South – advantages and disadvantages • Union call for troops…Battle of Bull Run Battle of Manassas •Union Plan for wining the War Northern plan for victory Ironclads • Weapons/Warships/Strategy • Western & Eastern Theaters of Operations • Shiloh/New Orleans/2nd Manassas • Battle of Antietam, MD ...Union Gen. McClellan fails to destroy Lee…the war goes on • Southern hopes cling to Great Britain…Trent Affair Lincoln Emancipation Proclamation • Jan.1863, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation after the Battle of Antietam and makes destruction of Slavery a war aim • Freed only the slaves in Confederacy, discouraged any interference from foreign governments…keeps Great Britain out of the war The War drags on • South/Cotton & England/Neutral • African-Americans are enlisted. Ex. 54th Mass. as seen in “Glory” • Draft/Conscription is used to raise the necessary troops for N & S Frederick Douglas • Black Abolitionist • Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union Army • Substitutes/Deserters…bonus paid to recruits…Draft Riots in NY 1863 • “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight” • Radical Republicans - believed that slavery was the main reason for the war…their power increases in the elections of 62, 64, & 1866 • South suffers shortages • Topics: Greenbacks/Women in the workplace/Homestead Act/Clara Barton & Red Cross…Dorthea Dix, U.S. Sanitary Commission/ P.O.W.’s & Andersonville…wars impact on western expansion and the Transcontinental Railroad Lee & Grant Robert E. Lee Confederate General The Army of Northern Virginia • opposed secession, but did not believe that the Union should be held together by force. • Urged southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans after the collapse at Appomattox Ulysses S. Grant Commander of the Union Forces • Won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed before him • “Total War” • Hero of the Civil War and future President Gettysburg Turning Point of the Civil War Gettysburg Address • Lincoln thought the Civil War was a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people” Gettysburg Address Gettysburg & Vicksburg, 7/1863 March of 1864 - Grant becomes Union commander, unconditional surrender & total war • Sherman’s “March to the Sea” • Captures Atlanta in Sept., 1864 • Lincoln wins the 1864 election Last battles of the Civil War Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds” Lincoln The Civil War Ends • Grant turns attention on Richmond • Confederate capitol falls on April 2nd, 1865…Davis escapes south • Surrounded and out numbered, Lee surrenders the Army of Virginia at Appomattox Courthouse on April 7th…the war is over • The South lay in ruin Appomattox Court House th April 9 , 1865 Lincoln Assassinated • On April while attending a play, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth th 12 , • Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the United States • Johnson wants what Lincoln wanted • Radical Republicans control plans for Reconstruction • Johnson and Congress fight openly • Office Tenure Act and Johnson’s Impeachment by Congress • Radical Republicans seek to punish the South and keep it weak • Black Codes/5 military districts formed/Sharecropping & Tenant farming • Freedmen’s Bureau • Carpetbaggers & Scalawags • Congress attempts to guarantee voting & civil rights to blacks • th 13 Amendment ends slavery in 1865 th • 14 Amendment provides equal protection under the law - 1868 • 15th Amendment provides suffrage for African Americans – 1870 • Grant 1868-1876 (scandal) • Election of 1876 Reconstruction period ends • Former Confederates take control of the Democratic Party to regain power • “Jim Crow” Era begins…almost 100 years of denying full rights of citizenship to blacks Economic & Social Impact of the Civil War • The South would remain a poor, agriculturally based economy • The North emerged with strong and growing industrial economies • The U.S. will become a global economic power by the 20th century