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THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Before we begin. . . 1. 2. 3. 4. What is a civil war? When did the US Civil War take place? Why was the Civil War fought— According to the North? Why was the Civil War fought— According to the South? The Civil War: Union vs Confederacy Confederate Union CAUSE #1? Election of Lincoln Southern States felt they were bullied by the North when he was elected 1860 Election Results Cause #2 States’ Rights regarding taxation and slavery Nullification Crisis Nullify means to ignore In 1832, South Carolina said they could “nullify” federal law by simply ignoring it. President Jackson threatened to send federal troops – SC chilled, for now. Cause 3:Abolitionism Abolitionists Frederick Douglas was the editor of an abolitionist newspaper. Harriet Tubman Helped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad. John Brown He and his sons brutally murdered 5 slave masters in Kansas. (1858) Tried to incite a slave revolt Cause 4: slavery Compromise of 1850 Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade! Cause 5: Sectionalism 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?! The war begins - the firing on Fort Sumter Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter The first States secede Advantages of the Union (north)? Union had double the population Double the railroads 5 times as many factories A Navy Confederate (Rebel) advantages (South) Confederates had the best generals Defending is always easier than attacking Farmers fight better than factory workers Timeline of the Civil War 1859-1861 December 20, 1860 South Carolina legislature votes to secede from the Union. Six other Southern States soon follow April 12–13 Fort Sumter is bombarded and surrenders to South Carolina troops led by P. G. T. Beauregard. April 15 Lincoln declares a state of insurrection and calls for 75,000 volunteers to enlist for three months of service. April 17–May 20 Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede from the Union. April 19 Lincoln orders a blockade of all Confederate ports. Timeline of the Civil War 1859-1861 July 21 Confederate forces win a victory at the First Battle of Manassas. Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson earns the nickname “Stonewall” for his tenacity in the battle. November Julia Ward Howe, inspired after seeing a review of General McClellan's army in the Virginia countryside near Washington, composes the lyrics to "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." It is published in the Atlantic Monthly in February 1862. Timeline of the Civil War 1862 April 6–7 Union General Ulysses S. Grant prevails at the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee, but not without enormous losses. May 31–June 1 During the Battle of Seven Pines in Virginia, Robert E. Lee takes over command of the Confederate army from the wounded Joseph E. Johnston. August 29–30 The South is again victorious at the Second Battle of Manassas. Timeline of the Civil War 1862 September 17 The Battle of Antietam, Maryland, exacts heavy losses on both sides. September 22 President Lincoln issues the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. December 13 Lee wins the Battle of Fredericksburg decisively. First metal ships in world to Fight! Emancipation Proclamation It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union. It did not free slaves in border states. 1863 Emancipation = freedom 1863 Issued by Lincoln Doesn’t actually free any slaves until the Union Army arrived. Changes a war of succession to a moral fight over slavery. Not all Northerners liked the Proclamation Made the South fight to the end. Vocabulary Key Vocabulary: Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Conscription Vicksburg Grant Sherman Lee Appomattox Court House Main Ideas How did the war goals change for the North and South? How did the Civil War change America? Timeline of the Civil War 1863 January 1, 1863Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, which declares that slaves in the seceded states are now free. May 1–4Lee hands the Army of the Potomac another serious loss at the Battle of Chancellorsville. “Stonewall” Jackson is wounded during the battle. July 1–3The Battle of Gettysburg is fought in Pennsylvania. General George G. Meade compromises his victory by allowing Lee to retreat South across the Potomac. Timeline of the Civil War 1863 July 4 After a long siege, Confederates surrender Vicksburg to Ulysses S. Grant, thus securing the Mississippi River for the Union. July 13–15 Violent riots erupt in New York City in protest of the draft. November 23–25 After three days of battle, the Union victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee, opens the way for Union advancement into the heart of the Confederacy. Gettysburg – turning point Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 27,000 men died in 3 days. It was the last time the South invaded the North. South has no chance to win after Gettysburg. Gettysburg Address that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln Timeline of the Civil War 1864 May 5–6 The Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia is the first of a bloody series of month-long engagements between Grant and Lee. June 1–3 The Battle of Cold Harbor results in heavy Union casualties. Grant prepares for a ten month siege of Petersburg. June 28 Lincoln signs a bill repealing the fugitive slave laws. September 2 After forcing the Confederate army of John Bell Hood out of Atlanta, Georgia, General William T. Sherman captures the city, a major munitions center for the South. Timeline of the Civil War 1864 November 8 Lincoln is reelected President, with Andrew Johnson as Vice President. November 16 Sherman leaves Atlanta and begins his “march to the sea,” in an attempt to demoralize the South and hasten surrender. December 21 Savannah falls to Sherman’s army without resistance. Sherman gives the city to Lincoln as a Christmas present. Timeline of the Civil War 1865 January 31, 1865 Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolishes slavery throughout the United States. March 4 Lincoln is inaugurated as President for a second term. April 3 Union troops occupy Richmond. April 9 Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Grant at Appomattox. Timeline of the Civil War 1865 April 14 John Wilkes Booth shoots President Lincoln at Ford’s Theater; Secretary of State William H. Seward is stabbed and wounded in an assassination attempt inside his Washington home. June 30 All eight conspirators are convicted for the assassination of President Lincoln; four are sentenced to death. Technology made Civil War . . . The Monitor More efficient and deadly Ironclad Riverboats Vicksburg Confederate Dead Gettysburg, today there are trees everywhere. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War. th 54 The Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863 Blacks in the Military After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army Initially they were only used for manual labor Eventually, Blacks saw live combat 54th regiment out of Massachusetts William Carney After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated. Civil War ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE Results of the Civil War? Reconstruction – time of rebuilding the country after the Civil War Reconstruction Amendments 13th Amendment – freed slaves Reconstruction Amendments 14th Amendment – Everyone born in the US is a citizen, due process of law for all citizens. 15th – Black male suffrage Remember the Reconstruction Amendments this way: Free Citizens Vote! Lincoln is assassinated Punishment of the killers and conspirators Questions? Quiz 1. When was the Civil War? 2. What was 1 cause of the CW? 3. What was another cause of CW? 4. Who was President during CW? 5. Which amendment banned slavery? 6. What was Reconstruction?