Download Ch 13 The Civil War

Beginning of the War
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NO GUIDED NOTES THIS CHAPTER, NOTEBOOK CHECK ON WEDNESDAY, MUST TAKE
NOTES
A New Kind of War
– Main Ideas:
• What are the military advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and
Confederacy?
• What changes ion warfare took place during the civil war?
• Why did North think it would be a short war?
• What was the importance of the border states?
– Do Now:
• Packet page 2 read the Biography on Robert E. Lee and answer the questions,
answer the 2 questions with the political cartoon.
– Topics:
• Start of the War
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Border States
• War strategy
• Lincoln Calls out Militia
– Called for 75,000
militia for 90 day
service
– Most believed the war
would be short
• Southern states refused
• Southern states secede
rather than fight against
Southerners
• Robert E Lee chose to
lead
the CSA army instead of
the US Army
Virginia
April 17 1861
Arkansas
May 6 1861
Tennessee
May 7 1861
North Carolina
May 20 1861
Maryland was very
important to the
United States
Mason Dixon Line
Arrested all pro-southern
lawmakers
Maryland Legislature then
voted on whether to secede
Maryland voted to stay in
Union
North vs South
Strengths
Union
Confederacy
• 22 million people
• 9 million people
• Most mineral, factory
and naval resources
• Had better and
experienced generals
• Abraham Lincoln
• Were on defensive
– convinced north of
need to fight to save
democracy and union
– shorter supply lines,
more motivation
(defending their homes)
North vs South
Strategy
Union
• Conquer south and return
them to Union
• Conquer South by
destroying economy
– capture Mississippi
river and blockade
coast
Confederacy
• Only needed to outlast north
• Avoid large battles and
hope north tire of fighting
• South withheld cotton from
world
– Hoped to force Britain
and France to ally with
CSA
• There was too much cotton
in 1861
– Europe didn’t need CSA
cotton
– CSA plan to get Europe
to join war failed
Rating the North & the South
Slave/Free States Population,
1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Ohio Military Service
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860
Decisive Victory Strategy
Union
Confederacy
• Decisive Victory
needed to destroy
Confederate army
to win
• Decisive Victory
needed to ruin
north’s fighting
spirit and impress
Europeans to join
war
Resulted in large battles with high numbers
of casualties
Beginning of War
•North unprepared
-- no experience with
guns or horses
•South had been
preparing
•No standard
uniform – caused
confusion as to
who was fighting
Women in the War
Women joined to cook and take care of men
Women passed as men to fight in the war
Women served as nurses
Worked farms and businesses at home
Clara Barton
Served as a nurse during war
Created aid society to support soldiers
Elizabeth Blackwell
Created Soldiers Aid Society
Inspected health conditions of hospitals in
war
Anaconda Plan
• Winfield
Scott’s plan
to strangle
South with
blockade
and land
invasions
• Designed to
have a
quick war
Naval War
Union blockaded the South
As war continued blockade became more effective
USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
Both were iron clad ships
Battle was a draw
Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all slaves in REBELLING
states on January 1, 1863
Old South will be destroyed and
replaced with new values
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves
in South not the North?
Freeing slaves in South
seen as military action
Can’t free slaves in north
because of Constitution
As Commander in Chief Government can’t take
(head of military)
property without due
Lincoln can take
process
military actions
• Emancipation
Proclamation does
1 NOT abolish ALL
slavery in US
• Why Not?
– Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, Missouri
might secede
– Lincoln hoped
Confederate states
would stop fighting
and return to the
Union
Does Lincoln have authority to
make Emancipation
Proclamation?
No
• Confederates created
an independent nation
• Lincoln has no more
authority to pass laws
in the CSA than he does
to pass laws in Canada
Yes
• US is fighting an
internal civil war
– Lincoln keeps authority
over the south
• If it is a civil war
– European nations are not
allowed to join the war
– North should not
blockade the South
Black Americans Join Up
• Emancipation Proclamation
also allows blacks into US
Army
• Fought under white
commanders and had
unequal pay and duties
• Used them for support work
• 54th Massachusetts – Glory
Union Generals
General
McClellan
Fired after
Antietam for
not pursuing
Lee
General
Burnside
General
Hooker
Fired after
Fired after
Fredericksburg
for losing to
Lee
Chancellorsville
for losing to
Lee
General Meade given
control of Union
Army
• Union losses decrease the
North’s will to fight
• North cannot get enough
volunteers for it’s army
• Congress implements a draft
Draft Riots in NY
• northerners opposed to being
forced into fighting
– Copperheads
– Northern Democrats who
want peace with South
Summer 1863 Lee goes north again
--- Out of supplies
--- Wanted to force peace
Heth
Confederates attack
Buford’s Cavalry at
Cemetery Hill near
Gettysburg
Buford
Pender
Pickett’s Charge
15,000 Confederate soldiers attack
Union positions
Confederates make it to Ridge, but
are driven back
Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy
Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War
Confederates never go on the offensive again
Meade does not pursue Lee
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a
military cemetery in Gettysburg
States that the Union is fighting to save
democracy for the World
Gettysburg Address
“It is … for us to be here dedicated to
the great task remaining before us …
that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain --- that
this nation, under God, shall have a new
birth of freedom --- and that government
of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth”
Battle of Vicksburg
• Union wanted to divide South at
Mississippi River
• Union had total control except
Vicksburg MS and New Orleans
• Grant wins and gets complete
control of Mississippi for Union
Total War
• Sherman’s March to the Sea
– Begins September 1864
– Sherman led his army from Tennessee to
Atlanta
• Destroy not only army of enemy but
homes, factories, farms
– wanted to destroy the will of the
people to fight
•
Sherman used total war on his
march to the sea
• “We are not only fighting hostile
armies, but a hostile people, and
must make old and young, rich and
poor, feel the hard hand of war.”
• Lee becomes surrounded in Virginia
•
Decides to surrender to Grant on April 9
1865
Appomattox Courthouse
• Grant accepts Lee’s surrender
•
Terms are generous
– soldiers kept homes, horses, land
and were given food
Assassination of
Lincoln
• John Wilkes Booth
assassinated Lincoln at Fords
theater in Washington DC
• Booth was captured and killed
•
•
Lincoln died on April 15, 1865
First President to be
assassinated
• People who helped Booth
escape were executed
Results of the Civil War
Slaves were freed
Casualties of the War
Nation is more important than
States
People start identifying
themselves as American
Manufacturing and Industrial industries
expanded during and after the war
Results of the Civil War
Income tax
created to pay
for war
Land for
Homesteads
in West
Transcontinental Railroads
Federal Government
grew in size and power
State Universities were created