Download US Hist A – U 4, Ch 11, the Civil War

The American Civil War
1861-1865
Vs.
Causes of the Civil War
• Regional differences b/w the largely industrial North and the
agrarian South grow stronger (ex. Where Railroads should be
built and the Protectionist tariff that favored the North)
• Slavery
• The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Abraham Lincoln elected president
• Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of
America
• The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter
Union leader – President
Abraham Lincoln
• 16th President (1861-1865)
• Born: Feb. 12, 1809
• Died: April 15, 1865 (four
days after the war ended)

• Party: Republican
• Wife: Mary Lincoln
• Children: Robert, Edward,
William, and Thomas
(Tad)
Confederacy Leader – President
Jefferson Davis
• Born: June 3, 1808
• Died: 1889
• Born in Kentucky, went to
school at the U.S. Military
Academy
• Later in life became a Planter
living in Mississippi
• Served as U.S. Senator,
Secretary of War, and President
of the Confederacy.
• Served as a P.O.W. for two
years, U.S. dropped its case
against him in 1868.
Timeline of the Civil War
Copy the following slides in a
timeline format in your notes!
April 12-13, 1861
• Fort Sumter
• Confederate General
P.G.T Beauregard opens
fire on Fort Sumter.
Major Robert Anderson
surrenders.
• The fort was a federal fort
in the South and the
Confederacy did not want
northerners in the south!
First Major Battle
July 1861
• Union army marches on
Southern capital,
Richmond, Virginia.
• Routed by Confederate
forces at Bull Run, it is
forced to retreat to
Washington.
• Union: Gen. McDowell
• Conf.: Gen. Johnston and
“Stonewall” Jackson
February 1862
• Union forces under
Brig. Gen. Ulysses S.
Grant capture key
Southern strongholds
of Fort Henry and
Donelson in
Tennessee.
April 1862
• Confederate army
counter-attacks Grant
at Shiloh, but he holds
his ground and
Southern forces retreat
to Mississippi
• Union navy seizes
New Orleans
July 1862
• Gen. George McClellan
leads Union advance on
Richmond, but is
blocked by Con. Forces
under Gen. Robert E.
Lee during the “Seven
Days’ Battles.”
Robert E. Lee
August 1862
• Lee defeats Union
army at Second Battle
of Bull Run, and
drives Northern force
out of Virginia, and
proceeds to invade
Maryland.
September 1862
• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
• McClellan blocks Lee’s advance at Battle of
Antietam Creek, Maryland, where 24,000 men die.
• This is the “Bloodiest Single Battle” of the war.
• Lee retreats to Virginia.
• Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a
few days later.
Emancipation Proclamation
• http://www.history.com/topics/americancivil-war/emancipation-proclamation
April-May 1863
• Union forces attack
Lee in Virginia but are
defeated at
Chancellorsville and
retreat.
• Lee invades the north
once more in
Pennsylvania.
July 1-3, 1863
• GETTYSBURG!
• Lee’s forces runs into
Union army at Gettysburg,
Penn.
• The ensuing battle results
in over 50,000 casualties.
• Lee’s army retreats south.
• Many historians believe
this is the beginning of the
end for the south.
• The turning point of the
war!
July 4, 1863
• After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes
Vicksburg, Mississippi, bringing most of
the region under Northern control.
• This is another nail in the coffin of the
South.
November 1863
• On Nov. 19, Lincoln was
asked to deliver just a few
appropriate remarks to
dedicate a military
cemetery at Gettysburg.
• “Four score and seven
years ago our fathers
brought forth on this
continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the
proposition that all men
are created equal.”
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=5_hYZFUsOuw
November 1863
• Following the Battle of
Chattanooga, Grant
drives Lee out of
Tennessee.
• The Union army is now
led by General William
T. Sherman and he takes
Knoxville.
June 1864
• The tide has officially shifted and the North
is almost in total control of the war.
• After a costly southward advance, Grant
traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside of
Richmond, Virginia.
• The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.
September-December 1864
• Sherman captures
Atlanta.
• He cuts a swath of
destruction through
Georgia and then
captures Savannah.
• This becomes known
as, “The March to
the Sea.”
• On Christmas Day
of 1864, Sherman
orders his men to
save Savannah from
burning; he gives it
Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of Atlanta to Lincoln as a
Christmas present!
April 1865
• Grant takes Richmond
on April 3 and Lee
surrenders six days
later at the
Appomattox Court
House.
• April 9th, 1865 is the
official end to the war
between the states.
April 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated
by John Wilkes Booth at
Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C. On
April 14th and he died the
next day.
• Booth yelled, “Sic
semper tyrannis” in
English means, “Thus be
it ever to tyrants.”
• Booth broke his leg
jumping from the
balcony, and he died
several days later after
being burned in the barn
he was hiding.
Lincoln’s Death
The Human Costs of the Civil
War
700
600
500
400
North
South
Total Casualties
300
200
100
(Casualties by thousands)
0
Civil
War
The Economic Costs of the Civil
War
Economic Costs
 Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled
$2.6 billion.
 Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion.
 Confederate debt ran over $700 million.
 Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179%
in 1865.
 Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of
the war.