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Reconstruction
Reconstruction
• The Civil War ended in 1865
followed by a period of gradually
bringing Southern states back
into the Union. This period is
Reconstruction.
Reconstruction

This was a rough period. Land
lay in ruins (not so much in
Texas), money was scarce, and
slaves were free but most
without food or shelter.
Reconstruction
• Because of the
distance of the
war, not everyone
got the news of
the Emancipation
Proclamation of
1863. On June
19, 1865, Union
soldiers landed in
Galveston and
freed all enslaved
Presidential Plans
•
Union troops came into Texas to keep
the peace and patrol the border.
Presidential Plans

President Lincoln wanted to restore
the Union quickly and show
sympathy towards the South. Not
all Northerners agreed and some
wanted the South to be treated like
conquered territories.
Presidential Plans
• President Andrew
Johnson replaced
Lincoln after his
assassination and
set forth Lincoln’s
Reconstruction
plan
Presidential Plans
•
He set up provisional governments (with
protection from troops) until the state was
readmitted.
Presidential Plans
• To be readmitted, the state must prohibit
slavery and nullify its ordinance of secession.
To regain voting rights, Southern citizens had
to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S.
Presidential Plans
•
Andrew Hamilton
was appointed
governor of
Texas. He had
been against
secession. There
was mixed
feelings of him
returning to
Texas.
Freedmen’s Bureau
•
It operated for five
years, helping find jobs
for freed Texans and
issuing food and
clothing to the sick,
aged, and poor. It
established the 1st
public schools in Texas
for African American
children.
Freedmen’s Bureau
•
Many whites disliked the bureau because
they thought it was a waste of taxpayers’
money and was only here to strengthen
the Republican Party.
Government Restored
in 1866
• A convention was called
to write a new
constitution. Most of the
delegates supported the
Confederacy.
Government Restored in 1866
•
The new
constitution met
the requirements
given by the
President. It gave
certain rights to
African Americans
but did not allow
them to vote.
People on the Move
• Slavery had separated many family
members. Once freed, they took to the
streets to find loved ones.
• Much land had been destroyed to the east
of Texas, so many came to Texas for
better land.
Ex-Confederates to Office
• Southerners elected many
Confederates to top
positions in the state
government and U.S.
Congress. This gave the
South power again.
Ex-Confederates to Office
– Texas legislatures refused to
ratify the 13th (abolishing
slavery) and 14th (granting
citizenship) amendments into
the U.S. Constitution.
Ex-Confederates to Office
• Southern states also created the “black codes”
which would not allow African Americans to vote,
testify against whites, or serve on juries.
Radical Republicans Take Charge


Radical Republicans wanted stricter
standards for states reentering the
Union and wanted protection for
African Americans in the South.
In 1866, the Radical Republicans gained
control of Congress and could override
the presidential veto.
Radical Republicans Take Charge
• President Johnson fought against
the Radical program and was
charged with misconduct in office.
The House voted to impeach and he
was tried in the Senate. He missed
impeachment by one vote.
Radical Republicans Take
Charge

The South was divided into military districts with the
military ruling the district until states met their
requirements. They had to:
 Give African American men the right to vote.
 Ratify the 14th and 15th amendments
 Eliminate the black codes
 Ironclad oath – which said that they had not
voluntarily serve in the Confederate army. (many
Southerners were not allowed to vote due to this)
Radical Republicans Take Charge


Many officials in Texas were
removed and replaced with
Republicans.
Scalawags were Southern white
supporters of the Reconstruction.
Carpetbaggers were Northerners
who came to the South for political
and economic gain.
Radical Republicans Take Charge
• The Ku Klux Klan was formed and used
violent tactics to keep African Americans
from voting and getting into office
Radical Republicans
Take Charge
• In 1874,
Reconstruction
legally ended in
Texas.