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US Nationalism US History What is nationalism? • Pair-share (2 minutes) – What does it mean? – What are examples of nationalistic behavior? Along with sectionalism, nationalism • After 1812, Americans had strong national pride. – Yes, people started to consider themselves “northerners,” “southerners.” – BUT pride in being American persisted among all US citizens. American system • Even as different economies grew up in N & S, President Madison presented a plan for unifying the country. – He wanted • to unite the different regions. • to create a strong stable economy to make the country self-sufficient. – A 3-point plan for Congress…. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. “American System” • Develop transportation systems. • Establish protective tariffs • Resurrect the national bank – Under Washington, it started. – Under Jefferson, it was demoted. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. “American System” • Plan was recognized all around as promising. QuickTime™ and a TIF F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – Even critics, like Henry Clay (the Speaker of the House) promoted it. – Clay: It will unite the country, because each part of the country has a role: • North: makes industrial goods; South and West buys them. • South and West: cotton, grain, and meat • One stable currency will be used everywhere. • Transportation system ties everything together. • US can finally be free of European economic strings. National Power boosted by Supreme Court • Series of court cases gave national govt more power over state govt. – Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824): only the federal govt can regulate interstate commerce. – McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819): a state cannot tax the federal “Bank of the US” QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. National Power boosted by Supreme Court – Fletcher vs. Park (1810): Georgia law overturned; it violated Constitutional right to enter into contracts. – Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): a state cannot interfere with contracts. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Nationalism in Foreign Policy • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • But also other “John Quincy Adams” treaties: QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – Rush-Bagot (1817): US and Canada demilitarize their common border. – Convention of 1818: • US northern border fixed at 49th parallel up to the Rockies • for 10 years Britain and US will jointly occupy Oregon Territory Nationalism in Foreign Policy • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): – Spain--too weak to defend its territories in the New World-ceded Florida to US AND – Gave up claims to the Oregon Territory. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Nationalism in the West • Americans streamed into Northwest Territory – NW Territory? Present-day… • • • • • …Ohio …Indiana …Illinois …Wisconsin …Michigan QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Why move West? • A new life starting over: escaping debts, avoid the law. • Mostly wealth: cheap, fertile, abundant land. • Social gains: easy to change occupations; in many places, no restrictions by race QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Missouri Compromise • Territory to State process: QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – Once the territory reaches 60,000 people, they can apply for statehood: – You need to: • petition the Union for admission. • draft a state constitution. • elect representatives. • But in Missouri territory, nationalist spirit came up against slavery… Missouri Compromise • 1818 US had 10 free and 10 slave states. – Illinois entered US as 11th free state. – Southerners expected Missouri to balance as 11th slave state. – BUT a New York State Congressman (James Tallmadge) got the House of Reps to change Missouri’s statehood bill. • Missouri had to free its slaves! Missouri Compromise • In the Senate, southerners blocked the House’s bill. • Meanwhile, Alabama came into the Union as the 11th slave state instead. • Now, where would Missouri enter? Accusations • Southerners: “Northerners want to get rid of slavery.” • Northerners: “Southerners are trying to spread slavery to new territories.” • Tension was high: already civil war was mentioned as a possibility. QuickTime™ and a TIF F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Solution? • Henry Clay (House Speaker) came up with temporary solution: – Missouri Compromise: series of agreements to resolve crisis. – 1. Maine came in as free; Missouri came in as slave Solution? – 2. Rest of Louisiana Territory was divided north and south at 36 30 latitude. • South of line: slavery legal • North of line (except Missouri): slavery banned. • Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise in 1820. – The issue was postponed… QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.