Download US Nationalism

US Nationalism
US History
What is nationalism?
• Pair-share (2 minutes)
– What does it mean?
– What are examples of nationalistic
behavior?
Along with sectionalism,
nationalism
• After 1812, Americans had strong
national pride.
– Yes, people started to consider themselves
“northerners,” “southerners.”
– BUT pride in being American persisted
among all US citizens.
American system
• Even as different economies
grew up in N & S, President
Madison presented a plan for
unifying the country.
– He wanted
• to unite the different regions.
• to create a strong stable
economy to make the country
self-sufficient.
– A 3-point plan for Congress….
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“American System”
• Develop transportation
systems.
• Establish protective tariffs
• Resurrect the national bank
– Under Washington, it started.
– Under Jefferson, it was
demoted.
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“American System”
• Plan was recognized all around as
promising.
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– Even critics, like Henry Clay (the Speaker
of the House) promoted it.
– Clay: It will unite the country, because
each part of the country has a role:
• North: makes industrial goods; South and West
buys them.
• South and West: cotton, grain, and meat
• One stable currency will be used everywhere.
• Transportation system ties everything together.
• US can finally be free of European economic
strings.
National Power boosted by
Supreme Court
• Series of court cases gave
national govt more power over
state govt.
– Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824):
only the federal govt can regulate
interstate commerce.
– McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819):
a state cannot tax the federal
“Bank of the US”
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National Power boosted by
Supreme Court
– Fletcher vs. Park (1810):
Georgia law overturned; it
violated Constitutional right to
enter into contracts.
– Dartmouth College v.
Woodward (1819): a state
cannot interfere with contracts.
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Nationalism in Foreign Policy
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• But also other “John Quincy Adams”
treaties:
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– Rush-Bagot (1817): US and Canada
demilitarize their common border.
– Convention of 1818:
• US northern border fixed at 49th parallel up to
the Rockies
• for 10 years Britain and US will jointly occupy
Oregon Territory
Nationalism in Foreign Policy
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819):
– Spain--too weak to defend its
territories in the New World-ceded Florida to US AND
– Gave up claims to the
Oregon Territory.
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Nationalism in the West
• Americans streamed into Northwest
Territory
– NW Territory? Present-day…
•
•
•
•
•
…Ohio
…Indiana
…Illinois
…Wisconsin
…Michigan
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Why move West?
• A new life starting over:
escaping debts, avoid the
law.
• Mostly wealth: cheap,
fertile, abundant land.
• Social gains: easy to
change occupations; in
many places, no restrictions
by race
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Missouri Compromise
• Territory to State process:
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– Once the territory reaches 60,000
people, they can apply for
statehood:
– You need to:
• petition the Union for admission.
• draft a state constitution.
• elect representatives.
• But in Missouri territory,
nationalist spirit came up against
slavery…
Missouri Compromise
• 1818 US had 10 free and 10 slave states.
– Illinois entered US as 11th free state.
– Southerners expected Missouri to balance as
11th slave state.
– BUT a New York State Congressman (James
Tallmadge) got the House of Reps to change
Missouri’s statehood bill.
• Missouri had to free its slaves!
Missouri Compromise
• In the Senate, southerners blocked the
House’s bill.
• Meanwhile, Alabama came into the
Union as the 11th slave state instead.
• Now, where would Missouri enter?
Accusations
• Southerners: “Northerners want to get
rid of slavery.”
• Northerners: “Southerners are trying to
spread slavery to new territories.”
• Tension was high: already civil war was
mentioned as a possibility.
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Solution?
• Henry Clay (House Speaker) came up
with temporary solution:
– Missouri Compromise: series of
agreements to resolve crisis.
– 1. Maine came in as free; Missouri came
in as slave
Solution?
– 2. Rest of Louisiana
Territory was divided north
and south at 36 30 latitude.
• South of line: slavery legal
• North of line (except
Missouri): slavery banned.
• Monroe signed the
Missouri Compromise in
1820.
– The issue was postponed…
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