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The Civil War
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The Great Divide
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State’s Rights vs.
Federal Government
Industrial NE vs.
Agricultural South
Slavery and Slave
Culture
Patches
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Constitution
Compromise of 1820
“Missouri Compromise”
The Civil War
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Compromise of 1850
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Senator Henry Clay
CA enters as free state
Utah & New Mexico
Territories open to
slavery
Outlawed slave trade in
Washington D.C.
Includes passage of
Fugitive Slave Act
The Civil War
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Republican Party Founded
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1854 Ripon, Wisconsin
Stop westward spread of
slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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1854
Popular Sovereignty – States
could vote on slavery issue
Eliminates Missouri Compr.
The Civil War
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“Bleeding Kansas”
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Pro-Slavery and AntiSlavery Voters
Two Legislatures
Guerrilla Warfare
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John Brown
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200 Killed
Kills 5 Slavery Proponents
Popular Sovereignty?
The Civil War
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Dred Scott Decision
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1857
Slave whose owner
moved to Minnesota
Is a slave still a slave in a
free state?
Chief Justice Taney
Slaves are property
Missouri Compromise
Unconstitutional
Implications?
The Civil War
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Tensions Rise
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John Brown
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
Arsenal, Virginia in 1859
Plan to liberate slaves
Brown captured and
hanged
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Abolitionist Hero
Southern Terrorist
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John Brown’s Body
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The Civil War
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Election of 1860
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Southern Fears/Threats
Lincoln – Republican
Breckinridge – S. Democ.
Douglas – Democrat
Bell – Constit. Union
Lincoln 180 Elec. Votes
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Southern Response
SC Secedes Dec. 20,
1860
Election of 1860
The Confederate States
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February 1861
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South Carolina, Georgia,
Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana,
Texas
Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, Arkansas
Hope for Northern Support
Jefferson Davis
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Military Background
President
America During Civil War
The Failure of Compromise
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Crittendon Plan
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Lincoln Rejects
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Extend Missouri Comp. line
to Pacific
Won’t end secession
Against Republican ideals
Lack of Action
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Buchanan indecisive
“Let them go”
The Civil War
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War Begins:
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Northern Advantages
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April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter
More
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More
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Soldiers
Factories
Money
Railways
Southern Advantages
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Cause
Home Soil
Military Leaders
Resources: 1861
The Civil War: Preserve Union
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Anaconda Plan
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Naval Blockade of South
Gain control of
Mississippi – Divide
South
Capture Richmond
South
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War of Attrition
Offensive Defense
Test North’s Will
Foreign Assistance
“King Cotton”
Mobilizing the Home Fronts
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1862
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Union
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Conscription Begins
Finance: taxes, bonds,
paper money
Industry supplies armies
Confederacy
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Govern. Arsenals supply
Runaway inflation
Poor transportation system
The Civil War
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Perceptions v. Total War
First Battle of “Bull Run”
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Attitude toward war
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July 1861
25 Miles south of D.C.
Manassas
Short war
Romantic view of war
Confederate victory
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“Stonewall” Jackson
The Civil War
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Spring of 1862
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Union to Virginia
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General McClellan
General Lee
June 26, 1862
Seven Days Battle
Union Retreats
Gen. Pope to Richmond
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2nd Battle of Bull Run
Pope’s defeat
The Civil War
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War in the West
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Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh – Tennessee
Seizing the Mississippi
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David Farragut
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General Grant
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New Orleans
Vicksburg July 4, 1863
Confederacy Divided
Early Campaigns and Battles
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Union by 1862
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Total naval supremacy
Confederates cleared from:
West Virginia, Kentucky,
Tennessee
New Orleans captured
Confederates by 1862
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Stalled Union control of
Mississippi at Shiloh
Defend Richmond
The Civil War
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Battle of Antietam
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Sept. 17, 1862
Antietam Creek
Bloodiest single day of
battle in U.S. history
@ 23,000 Casualties
Union Victory
McClellan’s Failure
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McClellan relieved of
command
The Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Blacks and the War
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The issue of slavery - Timing
Free slave in non-occupied
area that were in rebellion
January 1, 1863
180,000 serve in Union Army
Lincoln pushes further
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Govern. to abolish slavery
Maryland, Missouri abolish
slavery
War-Weariness
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May, 1863
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NY conscription riots
Union defeat at
Chancellorsville
Democrats attack Lincoln
“Copperheads”
July, 1863
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Gettysburg
Vicksburg
The Civil War
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Battle of Gettysburg
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Lee’s purpose
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Mead’s Response
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Occupies heights around
Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
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Destroy Union Army
Attack Washington D.C.
Pickett’s Charge
Army of Virginia Decimated
Gettysburg Address
The Civil War: 1860-1865
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General Sherman
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Lincoln re-elected 1864
General Grant
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April, 1865
Fall of Richmond
Surrender
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1864
March through South
Capture of Atlanta
Turn North
April 9, 1865
Appomattox Courthouse
Winning the Peace
Effects of the War
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618,000 Troops Dead
4,000,000 African
Americans Free
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Not Equal
Lack of skills
Industrial Workers face
wartime inflation
Nation united
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Hostility
Prejudice