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CH.13
EXPANSION AND
CRISIS IN THE U.S.
WESTERN EXPANSION:

U.S. ADDS NEW TERRITORY:
• JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA TERRITORY
FROM FRANCE.
• SPAIN GAVE UP FLORIDA TO THE U.S.
• A TREATY W/ GREAT BRITAIN GAVE THE U.S.
THE OREGON TERRITORY.
• TEXAS REVOLTS FROM MEXICO AND IS
ANNEXED BY THE U.S.
• AS PART OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
SETTLEMENT, MEXICO CEDED FROM TEXAS TO
CALIFORNIA TO THE U.S.( THIS WAS KNOWN
AS THE MEXICAN CESSION )
• GADSDEN PURCHASE: THE U.S. BOUGHT THE
SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW MEXICO AND
ARIZONA FROM MEXICO.
WESTERN EXPANSION:
WESTERN EXPANSION:


MANIFEST DESTINY: THE IDEA THAT
AMERICANS HAD THE RIGHT AND DUTY
TO EXPAND FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT: LAW THAT
ENABLED THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
TO FORCE NATIVE AMERICANS TO MOVE
WESTWARD ONTO RESERVATIONS THAT
WERE FAR INFERIOR TO THE LANDS THAT
THEY CAME FROM.THIS JOURNEY WAS
CALLED THE TRAIL OF TEARS.
TRAIL OF TEARS
TRAIL OF TEARS
CIVIL WAR TESTS DEMOCRACY:

MAJOR DIFFERENCES OF THE NORTH AND THE
SOUTH:
• NORTH:
 HAD A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY WITH BOTH
FARMING AND INDUSTRY.
 NORTHERNERS THOUGHT SLAVERY WAS
MORALLY WRONG AND WANTED TO
OUTLAW IT IN NEW STATES OR OUTLAW IT
ALLTOGETHER.
 THOUGHT THAT THE CONSTITUTION
DEVELOPED A SINGULAR UNION UNDER
ONE SET OF LAWS.
• SOUTH:
 HAD AN ECONOMY BASED ON
AGRICULTURE ALONE.
 FELT THAT THE SOUTH NEEDED SLAVERY
TO SUSTAIN THEIR LIFESTYLE.
 FELT THAT EACH STATE ENTERED THE U.S.
FREELY AND COULD LEAVE AS THEY WISH.
CIVIL WAR:
CONFLICT B/N THE NORTH AND THE
SOUTH REACHED A CLIMAX IN 1860
WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS
ELECTED PRESIDENT.
 SOUTHERNERS FIERCELY OPPOSED
LINCOLN AND ONE BY ONE BEGAN
TO SECEDE FROM THE UNION.
 APRIL 12, 1861 THE CIVIL WAR
BEGAN WHEN CONFEDERATE
FORCES FIRED ON FORT SUMTER, A
FEDERAL FORT IN CHARLESTON,
SOUTH CAROLINA.

CIVIL WAR:
DURING THE WAR THE SOUTH HAD
SUPERIOR LEADERSHIP BUT THE
NORTH HAD A LARGER POP., BETTER
TRANSPORTATION, GREATER
RESOURSES, AND MORE FACTORIES
FOR MANUFACTORING WEAPONS
AND SUPPLIES.
 IN APRIL 1865, THE SOUTH
SURRENDERED TO THE NORTH.
 GRANT LED UNION ARMY
 LEE LED THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

LINCOLN
FORD’S THEATRE
JOHN WILKES BOOTH
May 10, 1838 - April 26, 1865
PETERSON HOUSE
BOOTHE’S GUN AND KNIFE
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY:




LINCOLN ARGUED THROUGHOUT THE
WAR THAT HE WAS FIGHTING TO UNITE
THE UNION AND NOT TO END SLAVERY.
BUT, EVENTUALLY HE DECIDED THAT
ENDING SLAVERY WOULD HELP TO
REUNITE THE UNION.
IN 1862 HE PASSED THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION, THIS DECLARED THAT
ALL STATES IN THE UNION WOULD BE
FREE STATES.
AMENDMENTS PASSED:
• 13TH: FOREVER ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN ALL
OF THE U.S.
• 14TH: EXTENDED THE RIGHT TO CITIZEN
SHIP TO ALL AMERICANS. BLACK OR WHITE.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY:




15TH: GUARANTEED FORMER SLAVES THE
RIGHT TO VOTE.
THESE AMENDMENTS DID NOT END THE
FIGHT FOR EQUALITY FOR BLACK
AMERICANS.
SOUTHERN STATES BEGAN TO PASS
SEGREGATION LAWS: THESE LAWS
ENCOURAGED THE SEPARATION OF
BLACKS AND WHITES IN SOCIETY.
IMMIGRATION AND THE COMPLETION OF
THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
SPARKED POSTWAR ECONOMIC
EXPANSION.
NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS


INTERNAL
COMBUSTION
ENGINE AND
ELECTRICITY MADE
MANY INVENTIONS
POSSIBLE.
THOMAS EDISON:
PATENTED OVER
1000 INVENTIONS
INCLUDING THE
LIGHT BULB AND THE
PHONOGRAPH
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

TEACHER OF DEAF
STUDENTS WHO
INVENTED THE
TELEPHONE IN HIS
SPARE TIME.
GUGLIELMO MARCONI

ITALIAN INVENTOR
THAT INVENTED
THE FIRST RADIO.
HENRY FORD


INVENTED THE
ASSEMBLY LINE SO
THAT EVERYONE
COULD AFFORD AN
AUTOMOBILE.BUILT
THE MODEL T
ASSEMBLY LINE:A
LINE OF WORKERS
WHO EACH PUT A
SINGLE PIECE ON
UNFINISHED CARS
AS THEY PASS ON A
MOVING BELT.
WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT

TWO BICYCLE
MECHANICS FROM
DAYTON, OHIO THAT
INVENTED AND FLEW
THE 1ST GAS
POWERED FLYING
MACHINE AT KITTY
HAWK, NORTH
CAROLINA ON DEC.
17, 1903.
THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE
MASS CULTURE: THE APPEAL OF ART,
WRITING, MUSIC, AND OTHER FORMS OF
ENTERTAINMENT TO A LARGE AUDIENCE.
 3 CAUSES OF THE RISE IN MASS
CULTURE:

• 1. SPREAD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
INCREASED LITERACY.
• 2. IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION.
• 3. WORK DAY WAS LIMITED TO 10 HOURS.

VAUDEVILLE: A TRAVELING MUSIC AND
ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM THAT WENT
FROM CITY TO CITY.
THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE
MOVIES BECAME A POPULAR PASTTIME.
 SPORTS BECAME ENTERTAINMENT FOR
MILLIONS.

• 1ST MODERN DAY OLYMPICS WERE IN
ATHENS IN 1896.
NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
LOUIS PASTEUR: DEVELOPED
PASTUERIZATION:PROCESS OF KILLING
GERMS IN LIQUIDS SUCH AS MILK.
 JOSEPH LISTER: 1ST TO INSIST THAT HIS
OPERATING ROOM AND UTENSILS BE
STERILE; THIS LEAD TO PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENTS BEING CLEANER.
 CHARLES DARWIN: WROTE THE ORIGIN
OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL
SELECTION; SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST;
CALLED HIS THEORY THE THEORY OF
EVOLUTION.

NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
 GREGOR MENDEL: DISCOVERED
GENETICS; THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A
PATTERN TO THE WAY THAT CERTAIN
TRAITS ARE INHERITED.
 JOHN DALTON: DISCOVERED ATOMS.
 DMITRI MENDELEV: DEVELOPED A
CHART THAT ARRANGED ELEMENTS IN
ORDER OF WEIGHT; LATER KNOWN AS
THE PERIODIC TABLE.
 MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE: DISCOVERED
THE ENERGY KNOWN AS
RADIOACTIVITY; ALSO DISCOVERED
RADIUM AND POLONIUM;
NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
 THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY WAS
FOUNDED:THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN
MIND AND BEHAVIOR.
 IVAN PAVLOV: CONCLUDED THAT AN
ANIMALS REFLEXES COULD BE CHANGED
OR CONDITIONED THROUGH TRAINING;
BELIEVED THAT HUMAN ACTIONS WERE
UNCONSCIOUS.
 SIGMUND FREUD: UNCONSCIOUS MIND
DRIVES HOW PEOPLE ACT AND THINK;
DEVELOPED THE TREATMENT OF
PSYCHOANALYSIS;OEDIPUS COMPLEX.