Download Lesson 16.1: War Erupts

Copy the following chart on the top
ten (10) lines of Portfolio p52
Lincoln’s
dilemma
First
Shots at
Fort
Sumter
Lincoln’s
decision
Confederate
response
Outcome
Copy the following chart on the middle
ten (10) lines of Portfolio p52
Northern
states’
response
Lincoln
Calls Out
the
Militia
Southern
states’
response
Virginia’s
importance
Lee’s
decision
Copy the following chart on the bottom
ten (10) lines of Portfolio p52
Importance
of the border
states
Maryland
Choosing
Sides
Kentucky
Virginia
Missouri
Lesson 16.1a: War Erupts
Today we will examine the decisions made by
Lincoln in the early weeks of the Civil War.
Vocabulary
• examine – look at closely
• dilemma – a difficult problem with two
equally undesirable solutions
• militia – group of volunteers who serve in
their state’s military during emergencies
• border states – slave states that hadn’t
seceded yet
• secession – withdrawal from the Union
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What is a dilemma?
What is a militia?
What is a border state?
What We Already Learned
The election of 1860, which Abraham Lincoln won,
showed how slavery had divided the country.
What We Already Learned
In 1858, Lincoln himself had
warned that slavery might
fatally divided the Union.
• “A house divided against
itself cannot stand. I believe
this government cannot
endure, permanently half
slave and half free.
• I do not expect the Union to
be dissolved — I do not
expect the house to fall —
but I do expect it will cease
to be divided.
• It will become all one thing,
or all the other.”
What We Already Learned
After Lincoln’s
election, seven
Southern states
seceded and by
February 1861 had
formed the
Confederate States of
America.
Read aloud
with me!
What We Already Learned
In his inaugural address,
Lincoln reassured the
South that he had no
intention of interfering with
slavery, but also spoke
forcefully against
secession.
What We Already Learned
• Lincoln wanted no invasion, but he would not
abandon the government’s forts in the South.
• Most of these, including Fort Sumter in South
Carolina, were still manned by Union troops.
• These forts would soon need to be resupplied.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
1. How did the secession of the Southern states
confirm the fears Lincoln had expressed in
his “House Divided” speech?
A. The powers of the House of Representatives
would have to be increased.
B. It demonstrated that Congress was too weak
to deal with the nation's problems.
C. It showed how the issue of slavery was
threatening the Union.
D. It meant slavery would have to be outlawed
in the United States.
First Shots at Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
Read aloud
with me!
First Shots at Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
• Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
Sumter.
First Shots at Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
• Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
Sumter.
• Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard’s
shore guns fired on the fort for 34 hours.
First Shots at Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
• Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
Sumter.
• Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard's
shore guns fired on the fort for 34 hours.
• The fort commander
Major Robert Anderson
was forced to surrender.
First Shots at Fort Sumter
Two days after the
surrender of Fort
Sumter, President
Lincoln asked the
Union states to
provide 75,000
militiamen for 90
days to put down
the uprising in the
South.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
2. Where were the first shots of
the Civil War fired?
• Fort Sumter was where the first shots
of the Civil War were fired.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
Lincoln’s call
for 75,000
state militia
troops for 90
days led to
enthusiasm in
the North.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
In both North,
and South,
many
responded with
excitement,
relief, or
eagerness.
Some feared
the war would
be over before
they got a
chance to fight.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
3. Which seven states were the first
to secede to form the Confederacy?
Which one is NOT included?
3. Which seven states were the first
to secede to form the Confederacy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
South Carolina
Mississippi
Kentucky
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
Which one is NOT included?
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
• Southern states that
had not yet seceded
reacted with shock and
anger to this decision.
• They thought Lincoln’s
call for troops was evil
and aggressive.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
Virginia, North
Carolina,
Tennessee, and
Arkansas voted to
join the
Confederacy.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
As in the North, Southern volunteers also rushed to
enlist, with many fearing the war would be over
before they could join the fight.
Virginia’s Secession
• With Virginia on its
side, the Confederacy had a much
better chance for
victory.
• The Confederacy
was strengthened
by Virginia’s
wealth, population,
and prestige.
Virginia’s Secession
In recognition of
Virginia’s
importance, the
Confederacy
moved its capital
to Richmond.
Lee’s Decision
• Lincoln prepared for the war
by offering command of all
Union forces to the talented
general, Robert E. Lee.
• Unwilling to fight against his
home state, Lee resigned
from the U.S. Army and
offered his services to the
Confederacy.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
4. Why was Virginia important to
the Confederacy?
A. It was home to many important factories.
B. It was a large and wealthy state.
C. It was the home of the talented general,
Robert E. Lee.
D. Its mountains and valleys served as a
protective barrier for the Confederate
capital in Charleston.
Choose all that are true!
5. Why did Robert E. Lee decide to
fight for the Confederacy ?
A. He did not support the
idea of the Union.
B. He hoped to serve in the
Confederate government
some day.
C. He refused to fight
against his home state.
D. He wanted to keep using
slaves on his plantation.
Choosing Sides
• It was important to Lincoln that the border
states did not secede.
• Border states were slave states that bordered
the North and had not yet seceded.
Choosing Sides
The location and
resources of the
border states
made them
pivotal in tipping
the scales to one
side or the other.
Choosing Sides
• Maryland was
of great
concern.
• If Maryland
seceded, then
Washington,
D.C., would be
cut off from the
rest of the
Union.
Choosing Sides
• Lincoln sent in troops
and ordered the arrest of
Maryland politicians who
were sympathetic to the
South.
YOU’RE
BUSTED!!
Choosing Sides
• Lincoln sent in troops
and ordered the arrest
of Maryland politicians
who were sympathetic
to the South.
• Because of Lincoln’s
decisive actions, both
Maryland and Delaware
stayed in the Union.
Choosing Sides
• Kentucky was deeply divided
over secession.
• Its rivers could provide an
invasion route into the
South, or provide a barrier
for the South.
• An 1861 invasion by
Confederate troops
convinced the state to stay
in the Union.
Choosing Sides
• Western Virginia, with the help of Union troops,
broke away from Virginia and returned to the
Union.
Choosing Sides
• In Missouri, Union troops and local unionists
fought against secessionists.
• In the end, Missouri also stayed in the Union.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
6. Why were the border states
important to both sides?
A. Their location and resources made them
pivotal in tipping the scales to one side or
the other.
B. They contained most of the people and
wealth of the country.
C. They believed in secession, but did not
recognize slavery.
D. Many European immigrants lived there, and
could influence the support of European
nations.
7. Which border state was formed when
it seceded from a Confederate state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
North Carolina
North Dakota
West Virginia
New Jersey
Arkansas
7. Which border state was formed when
it seceded from a Confederate state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
North Carolina
North Dakota
West Virginia
New Jersey
Arkansas
Lesson 16.1b: Strengths and
Strategies
Today we will list the strengths and describe the
strategies of each side at the beginning of the Civil War.
Vocabulary
• strength – a skill or an advantage
• strategy – long-term plan for success
• agrarian – having to do with agriculture or
farming
• diplomat – one who is appointed by his
government to maintain relations with
another country
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What is a strength?
Noko
to wa nanidesu
ka?
What shakai
is an agrarian
economy?
What is a strategy?
What We Already Learned
Charleston, South Carolina’s shore guns fired
on Fort Sumter until it was forced to surrender.
What We Already Learned
Two days after the
surrender of Fort
Sumter, President
Lincoln asked the
Union states to
provide 75,000
militiamen for 90
days to put down
the uprising in the
South.
What We Already Learned
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
North Carolina
North Dakota
West Virginia
New Jersey
Arkansas
Lincoln’s call for troops led four more states to
join the Confederacy.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Industrial capacity
•
•
•
•
About 85% of all factories were in the North.
Factories: 119,500 to 20,600
Factory workers : 1,198,000 to 111,000
An industrial economy is invigorated by
war, and an agrarian economy is devastated
by war.
Farm acreage
• 105.8 million acres in the North
• 56.8 million Southern acres
Railroad system
• 21,847 miles in the North vs. 8,947
miles in the South (71% to 29%)
• Much of the southern rail lines had
different gauges.
Population
• Union population: 22 million (71%)
• Confederate population: 9 million (29%);
3.5 million were slaves
Public Support
• Public opinion was divided in the Union.
• Some Northerners want to fight for union,
others wanted to let the South go its own
way.
• The South suffered from too much
democracy.
• Southern citizens often refused to pay
taxes, or provide slaves and supplies to
the Confederate army.
• Some Southern states even threatened to
secede from the Confederacy.
Economic Policies
• Confederates didn’t exploit the
Union blockade before it tightened.
• Unwillingness to tax citizens
• Confederacy didn’t promote
manufacturing
• Refused to free slaves for military
service
Wealth
• More people means
more money.
• More manufacturing
means more money
($1.7 billion in the
North vs. $1.56 million
in the South)
• Most banks were in
the North.
Established government
• Confederacy began with neither a national
government nor constitution
• Lincoln’s leadership
Military tradition & leadership
• More of the most
experienced and able
commanders were
from the South.
• Most Southern men
could ride and shoot
well.
• The South had always
had a military school
tradition.
An established navy
• Nearly all shipyards were in the North.
• Most naval officers were Northerners.
• The Union would be able to blockade the
Confederate coastline.
Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
• Union Secretary of
State William Seward
was an able diplomat.
• US-Britain relations
were very good in 1861.
• The Union had many
trade ties w/Britain.
• European countries
were opposed to
slavery.
Location
• Most battles would have to be
fought in the South.
• Confederates would have
knowledge of the land.
• Southerners would be close to
their supply lines.
Motivation
• Northern reasons
for fighting
(preserving the
Union) were
indistinct.
• Southerners
fought to defend
their homes and
way of life.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
8. What were the
strengths of the
Union when the war
began?
A. More people and
factories
B. Talented generals
C. Strong public support
D. An established navy
E. An established government
F. Better motivation
Choose ALL that are true!
9. What were the Confederacy’s
strengths at the beginning of the war ?
A. An established navy
B. Military tradition and
leadership
C. Defensive strategy
D. More railroads
E. Better motivation
F. Good relations with
foreign countries
G. Presidential leadership
Choose ALL that are true!
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
Union to split the Confederacy in two by
gaining control of the Mississippi River
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
• Union to split the Confederacy in two by
gaining control of the Mississippi River
• Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
• One drawback –it would take time to
work.
The Confederate Strategy
• At first, a defensive strategy
• No need to invade or conquer your enemy:
just survive until Northerners grew tired of
the war and accept Southern independence
The Confederate Strategy
‘King Cotton’ was withheld from the market as
a way to win foreign support.
The Confederate Strategy
King Cotton referred to cotton’s importance
to the South and to the world’s economy.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
• Most did not want to
get involved in a
foreign war.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
• Most did not want to
get involved in a
foreign war.
• Britain had begun
cultivating cotton in
its colonies in India.
The Confederate Strategy
As the war went on,
the South began to
take the offensive,
hoping to wreck
Northern morale.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
10. Why did the Confederates believe that
they would be helped by Britain?
A. They could increase cotton
production as a form of bribery to
foreign textile-producing nations.
B. They portrayed themselves as
victims of Northern aggression
and brutality.
C. They could withhold cotton from
world markets, and force France
and Britain to aid the Confederate
cause.
D. They were lending money to
foreign governments in an
attempt to buy their assistance.
11. What were the three parts of the
Union’s Anaconda Plan?
A. Withhold factory goods from Britain
until we have their help in the war
B. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
C. Capture of the Confederate capital city
D. Union control of the Mississippi River
E. Reliance upon European aid
Choose ALL that are true!
Battle of
Bull Run
• To take Richmond, the railway
center of Manassas, southwest
of Washington, D.C., would
have to be taken first.
• July 21, 1861, Union forces
clashed with Confederate
forces near a little creek called
Bull Run.
Battle of Bull Run
General Irvin McDowell led Union forces against
Confederates commanded by General Pierre
Beauregard.
Battle of Bull Run
The battle was confusing, due to the smoke, the
noise, and the similarities in flags and uniforms
that day.
Battle of Bull Run
At first, Union troops outnumbered the
Confederates and had the upper hand.
Battle of Bull Run
Fresh Confederate troops arrived by railroad, and
the tide of battle began to turn.
Battle of Bull Run
Eventually, the Union troops broke ranks and
fled all the way back to Washington, D.C.
Battle of Bull Run
• The Confederate victory
thrilled the South and
many in the South
thought the war was won.
• Lincoln sent the 90-day
militias home and called
for a real army of 500,000
volunteers for three years.
• It was beginning to look
like it would be a long war.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
12. How did Lincoln react after
the Battle of Bull Run?
A. He replaced General Meade with
Ulysses S. Grant.
B. He considered resigning from the
presidency.
C. He called for 500,000 volunteers
to enlist for three years.
D. He issued the Emancipation
Proclamation.