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Transcript
Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Write homework – have it stamped Date 1/30 Session # 13 Activity Reconstruction Quick Notes Page # 12 Reconstruction Now that the war is over we have to rebuild the Union, specifically the South…without Abraham Lincoln The Reconstruction Era lasted from 1865-1877 Reconstruction Plan President Lincoln (before he died) wanted to reunite the nation as quickly as possible, he wasn’t out to punish the South. Any southern state with at least 10% of its voters making a pledge to be loyal to the U.S. could be readmitted to the Union. The South also had to accept a ban on slavery. Lincoln is Assassinated Just five days after the war ended, on April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at the Ford Theater. Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president and must take on the task of Reconstruction Reconstruction: The Second Civil War http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=VEHIZ6Og1_A Reconstruction What were the social, political and economic changes that occurred during the Reconstruction era? Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Write homework – have it stamped Read the Reconstruction Summary (don’t write on it) Date 2/1 Session # 14 Activity Reconstruction Reading Questions Page # 13 “Tell Me For a Treat” Choose to explain one of the topics of Reconstruction to me If your explanation matches closely enough with my slide (what is written in red) you earn a Hershey Kiss If it is a borderline answer the class can decide with a majority vote Reconstruction Reading Questions What was the purpose of Reconstruction? Based on the summary do you think it is better that the federal government has more power or the individual states? Do you think the nation truly made progress during the Reconstruction Era? 13th Amendment: The Slaves Are Free - 1865 With the ending of the war, the slaves were now free. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed. The 13th Amendment made slavery illegal forever in the United States. The Freedmen’s Bureau - 1865 The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help poor whites and former slaves in the South with basic social services. The Freedmen’s Bureau established schools in the South because laws against educating slaves during the Civil War meant that most ex-slaves did not know how to read and write. 40 Acres and Mule and Sharecropping During Reconstruction, ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a mule, unfortunately the government did not follow through on their promise and many ex-slaves ended up in a sharecropping situation. Sharecropping – “Landlord” gave them land and a house in exchange for sharing their crop – they were always indebted to the landlord During the riots in the 1960’s, people were overheard saying, “That’s for my 40 acres and a mule,” as they stole something from a store. The Black Codes - 1865 The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states that limited the newfound freedom of African Americans. Black Codes forced African Americans to work on farms or as servants. They also prevented African Americans from owning guns, holding public meetings, or renting property in cities. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Declared all people born in the United States were citizens (except Native Americans) and were entitled to equal rights Led to the 14th Amendment which made this same belief part of the Constitution and not just a law Ku Klux Klan Founded - 1866 In 1866 a group of white southerners created the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was a secret society opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights, particularly the right to vote. The KKK used violence and intimidation to frighten blacks. The 14th Amendment - 1866 The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized within the U.S. except for the Indians. It said that state governments could not “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” Radical Republicans The Black Codes angered many Republicans in Congress who felt the South was returning to its old ways. The Radical Republicans wanted the South to change more before they could be readmitted to the Union. They were angry at President Johnson for letting the South off so easy. Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson - 1868 Impeachment is the process of charging a public official with a crime – he violated the Tenure of Office Act on purpose The House convicted him, but the Senate was ONE vote short, Republicans failed to convict Johnson of the crime The only other time a president has been impeached was Bill Clinton. Election of Ulysses S. Grant - 1868 Republican Party was strong when Grant was elected President Under his Presidency both support for the Republican party and Reconstruction weakened Not a strong president – he brought corruption and economic depression into an already bad situation 15th Amendment - 1869 The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. Women’s rights activists were angry because the amendment did not also grant women the right to vote. Voting Rights Other laws were passed to keep blacks from voting. One law said former slaves had to pay a tax to vote. It was called a poll tax. Another law was passed that said a person could only vote if their grandfather had voted. These laws were called the Grandfather Clause. Carpetbaggers & Scalawags Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South during this time period – also those seeking to enter politics – not a positive term Scalawags – White Southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction – thought of as “scoundrels or traitors” by other Southerners Panic of 1873 Political corruption and financial scandals under President Grant caused banks to and the stock market to close which caused people to panic The panic led to an economic depression that was blamed on the Republicans Civil Rights Act of 1875 Outlawed racial segregation in public areas African-Americans were allowed to serve as jurors Election of Rutherford B. Hayes - 1876 close election – Hayes had to be chosen through the Compromise of 1877 His election marks the end of the Reconstruction Era Very Compromise of 1877 Compromise allowing Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President if the South received certain things: Federal troops were removed from the South Federal aid provided for the construction of railroads, and other construction/improvement projects Hayes would appoint a Democrat to his cabinet Democrats “promised” to respect African American civil and political rights Segregation and Jim Crow Laws Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and have separate schools, libraries, and parks. “Separate but Equal” Segregation - the legal separation of blacks and whites in public places Jim Crow Laws – the series of laws that forced segregation Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896 The Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal in Plessy v. Ferguson. They said that segregation was fair as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided for African Americans. In practice, the African American facilities were usually “separate-and-unequal.” It would take until the 1965, 100 years after the Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to be outlawed and blacks to finally realize legal equality in America.