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CIVIL WAR USI. 9 a-f LESSON 1 Issues that Divided the Nation USI.9a SOL OBJECTIVE USI.9a: Describe the cultural, economic, and constitutional issues that divided the nation. ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S): What causes a society to become so fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution? What do I need to know? Cultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war. HOOK Have students brainstorm what they already know about the differences between the North and South. Have them predict which side believed in each issue that ultimately divided the nation Issues the divided the nation 1. SLAVERY The issues related to slavery increasingly divided the nation and led to the Civil War. Issues that divided the nation 2. Cultural North: Urban society in which people held jobs. People believed it was morally wrong to have slaves. South Agricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations. Southerners felt that abolition of slavery would destroy their region’s economy. Issues that divided the nation 3. Economic North: Industrial (steel, iron, machinery, cloth, merchants, craftsman) People favored tariffs that protected factories from foreign competition. South: Agricultural (plantation style farming; relied on slave labor; King Cotton) Opposed tariffs that would cause prices of manufactured goods to increase. Issues that divided the nation 4. Political/Constitution: North Wanted a strong federal government (federal government’s power was supreme over that of states). South: Southerners believed in states’ rights (states had the power to declare any national law illegal). WRITE TO LEARN In what ways were the conflicts between the North and south similar to a rivalry between brothers and sisters? LESSON 2: STATES’ RIGHTS AND SLAVERY SOL USI.9b: Explaining how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased sectional tensions. Essential Question What causes a society to become fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution? What I Need to Know Cultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war. HOOK Ask students why people felt so strongly about the issue of slavery. Are there any issues that divided the nation today? States’ Rights and Slavery The South feared the North would take control of Congress. State’s Rights and Slavery Southerners began to proclaim states’ rights as a means of selfprotection. State’s Rights and Slavery The North believed that the nation was a union and could not be divided. State’s Rights and Slavery While the Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided the nation. States’ Rights and Slavery An important issue separating the country related to the power of the Federal government. States’ Rights and Slavery Southerners believed that they had the power to declare any national law illegal. States’ Rights and Slavery Northerners believed that the national government’s power was supreme over that of the states. States’ Rights and Slavery Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region’s economy. State’s Rights and Slavery Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons. Division and Compromise: Trying to keep the nation together USI.9b 1) Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri entered the Union as slave state; Maine entered the Union as a free state. Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850 California entered the Union as a free state. Southwest territories would decide about slavery. Kansas-Nebraska Act People in each state would decide the slavery issue (“popular sovereignty”). Kansas-Nebraska Act: Even though they tried to compromise, they could not get past all of the issues dividing the nation. •Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War. Southern Secession Following Lincoln’s election, the Southern states seceded from the Union. 2. Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War. 1. Southern Secession 3. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that could not be divided or separated. Southern Secession 4. Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it. WRITE TO LEARN Compare and contrast the Missouri Compromise to the Compromise of 1850 Ready! Set! Go! 1.The North was mainly an ________ society in which people held jobs. 2.The South was primarily an _________ society. 3.The _______ was a manufacturing region. 4.The North favored _________ to protect factory owners and workers from foreign competition. 5.Southerners _____ tariffs that would cause manufactured goods to increase. 6.A major conflict was _________ versus strong central government. 7._________ believed that they had the power to declare any national law illegal. 8.Northerners believed that the _____________ power was supreme over that of the states. 9.Southerners felt that the _____ of slavery would destroy their region’s economy. 10._____ believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons. 11.What compromise said that Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state? 12.The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to be a free state and the _________ would decide about slavery. 13.People were able to decided the slavery issue by which act? 14.What is “popular sovereignty”? 15.After who’s election did the South secede from the Union? 16.The first fort that the South attacked was _____. 17.______ believed that the United States could not be separated or divided. 18.Most ____ believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it. LESSON 3 STATES THAT SECEDED FROM THE UNION USI.9c SOL Objective SOL USI.9c: Identify on a map the states that seceded from the Union and those that remained in the Union. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What causes a society to become fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution? What do I need to know? Cultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war. HOOK In what ways is a civil war different from any other kind of war? Why might a civil war be the most tragic kind of war? The Nation Divides What is a Union? What is a Union? A combination so formed, especially an alliance or confederation of people, parties, or political entities for mutual interest or benefit. The United States is a “Union” of states. Look up the states 4 states became “border states” DKMM •Delaware •Kentucky Color the Border •Maryland States Green •Missouri Free and Slave states before the Civil War States that Seceded Southern states that were dependent upon laborintensive cash crops seceded from the Union. Confederate States of America Bonnie Blue Flag FLAG MAN’S Terrific TV FLAG MAN’S Terrific TV • • • • • • • • Florida Louisiana Alabama Georgia Mississippi Arkansas North Carolina South Carolina (First) • Tennessee • Texas • Virginia • Color the CSA RED Flag of the Confederate States "FINAL EDITION" The Third Confederate National Flag West Virginia Western counties of Virginia Refused to secede from the Union Color West Virginia Yellow What is left? States that remained in the Union Color the Union States Blue California Illinois Iowa Maine Michigan New Hampshire New York Oregon Rhode Island Connecticut Indiana Kansas Massachusetts Minnesota New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Wisconsin The states that are not named were not states when the Civil War began. WRITE TO LEARN Were the southern states right to secede? Why or Why not? What have we learned? Slave States States that seceded Border states States that were not part of the US States that stayed in the Union Quiz on Seceding States Ready Set GO! 1. The first state to secede was ______ 2._____ states that were dependent upon laborintensive cash crops seceded from the Union. 3.Northernmost slave states that stayed in the Union were called ______. 4.Virginia was a free state. 5. California was a slave state. 6.Name a border state. 7. What state was formed when its western counties refused to secede from the Union. Important People of the Civil War LESSONS 4 AND 5 ROLES OF CIVIL WAR LEADERS USI.9d SOL OBJECTIVE USI.9d: describing the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, and Frederick Douglass in events leading to and during the war. Leaders of the Civil War Essential Question: How do the ideas and actions of people effect events of wartime? WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW? Battles and leaders greatly impact political and military events during wartime. HOOK The Civil War was a long and bloody conflict that tore the nation apart. The war divided families. To understand the war, you must examine it from varying perspectives. “The War Between the States” “The Second American Revolution” “The Second War for Independence” “The War Against Slavery” “The Brothers War” “The War of Northern Aggression” TITLES: How does each title define what the North and South were fighting for? Which side would use each title? Why? Who are considered leaders of the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln Elected in 1860 Was president of the United States Issued the Emancipation Proclamation Was determined to preserve the union – even by force Believed the US was one nation (not a collection of individual states) Wrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War was to preserve a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people” Who are considered leaders of the Civil War? Leader of the Army of Northern Virginia Offered the command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war but chose not to fight against Virginia Opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force Urged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue fighting. Robert E. Lee Other Civil War Leaders Ulysses S. Grant: General of the Union Army that defeated Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army. Frederick Douglass: a former enslaved African American who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist. Lincoln and His Generals Other Civil War Leaders Jefferson Davis Was president of the Confederate States of America Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia Picture of CSA Leaders WRITE TO LEARN Take two (2) of the leaders and write a short description of each. Quick Quiz Ready Set GO! 1.I am the President of the United States. 2.I was the president of the Confederate States of America. 3.I was the general of the Union army. 5.I was the leader of the Army of Northern Virginia. 5.I was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia. 6.I was a former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist. 7.I believed that the Union must be preserve by force if necessary. 8.I was opposed to secession, but did not believe the union should be held by force. LESSON 6 MAJOR EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR SOL OBJECTIVE USI.9e: demonstrate knowledge of the major events and battles of the Civil War. Essential Question How large a role does location and topography (geography) play in the events and outcomes of war? What do I Need to Know? Location and topography influence the events and outcomes of war. HOOK What is the difference between offensive strategy and defensive strategy? (THINK about a sports strategies) What role does geography play in planning offensive and defense strategies in war? Civil War Facts 1/2 million people were killed or wounded in the Civil War 60 % of the fighting took place in Virginia Picture Credit: volusia.com/civilwar/ North South 23 States 11 States Union Confederate Yankee Rebel Blue Coats Grey Coats USA CSA Army of the Potomac River Virginia Federal Election of 1860 1860 Abraham Lincoln carried the North and thus won election (more Northerners voters) Southern states start seceding. Firing of Fort Sumter April 11-13, 1861 Union fort in South Carolina. Important fort that guarded Charleston. Confederate victory. Fort Sumter The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) 1861 Virginia First major battle of war Showed both sides that their soldiers needed training Also showed that war would be long and bloody Confederate victory The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) The first major battle The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) Emancipation Proclamation Freed slaves in Southern states Change the purpose of the war: Union troops were fighting to end slavery as well as to save the Union. The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation Made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the Union army. The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation Battle of Gettysburg 1863 Pennsylvania Turning point in the war North repelled Lee’s invasion 50,000 died or wounded The Battle of Gettysburg The turning point of the war The North repelled Lee’s invasion. Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address 1863 Given at a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery to the memory of those soldiers who died in the battle. Nation was founded on the belief that “all men are created equal.” And “that government of the people, by the people, for the people…” Battle of Vicksburg 1863 Mississippi Divided the South The North controlled the Mississippi River The Battle of Vicksburg Divided the South Gave the North control of the Mississippi River. The Battle of Vicksburg Battle of Vicksburg Appomattox Court House 1865 Virginia Union surrounds Lee’s troops Lee surrenders Civil War is Over!!! Appomattox Court House Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House In1865 Ended the war. USI.9e Influence of location and topography on critical developments in the war You will use maps to explain critical developments in the war, including major battles. The Union blockade of southern ports (e.g., Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans) Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Vicksburg) Effects of Location and Topography Control of the high ground (Gettysburg) Battle locations influenced by the struggle to capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond; Washington, D.C.) In the East, beginning in the spring of 1861, the cry from Union headquarters was "On to Richmond!" WRITE TO LEARN How much impact did geography (location and topography) have on events of the Civil War and its conclusion? Give specific examples. Quick Quiz Good Luck! 1.This battle started the Civil War. 2.The first major battle of the Civil War was at ______. 3. Whose election caused the South to secede from the Union? 4.This battle was fought in Maryland and there was no clear winner. 5.This event made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war. 6.This battle was the turning point of the war. 7.This event honored the memory of the soldiers killed at Gettysburg. 8.This battle divided the South. 9.This campaign showed the North’s new focus of total war. 10.This battle lasted nine months and caused Richmond to fall. 11.This battle is where Lee surrendered to Grant. LESSONS 7 AND 8 GENERAL EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR USI.9f SOL Objective SOL USI.9f: describe the effects of war from the perspectives of Union and Confederate soldiers (including black soldiers), women, and slaves. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does war change the lives of soldiers, the lives of civilians, and society? What I Need to Know? Life on the battlefield and on the homefront was extremely harsh. Many died from disease and exposure. War changes the lives of people. Civil war can tear apart families, damage societal institutions, and break apart nations. HOOK What concerns do you think African Americans might have had during the Civil War? Would concerns have been different depending on whether they lived in the North or South? General effects of the War Families and friends were often pitted against one another. Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped and clothed. DAVID E. JOHNSTON, 16 YEARS OLD Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war (e.g., burning of Atlanta and Richmond). Disease was a major killer Combat was brutal and often man-to-man. Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross. General Effects cont. Women were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South. The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate money worthless. Effects of the war on African Americans African Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union armies. The Confederacy often used enslaved African Americans as naval crew members and soldiers. Effects of African Americans cont. The Union moved to enlist African Americans sailors early in the war. African Americans soldiers were paid less than white soldiers. Effects on African Americans cont. African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers. Robert Smalls A sailor and later a Union naval captain. Highly honored feats of bravery and heroism. Congressman after the Civil War. WRITE TO LEARN Do you think the U.S. could ever experience another civil war? What might be the likely causes of such a war? Effects of the War Ready Set GO! 1.True or False. Families and friends were often pitted against one another. 2.True or False Much of the North was devastated at the end of the war. 3.Who was left to run the factories in the North and the farms and plantations in the South? 4.True or False Combat was brutal and often man-to-man. 5.True or False African Americans could not serve in the armies of the North and South. 6.True or False African Americans soldiers were often discriminated against. 7.True or False African Americans could command a troop.