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CIVIL WAR
USI. 9 a-f
LESSON 1
Issues that Divided the
Nation
USI.9a
SOL OBJECTIVE
USI.9a: Describe the
cultural, economic,
and constitutional
issues that divided
the nation.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S):
What causes a society to
become so fragmented to
the point where civil war
is seen as the only
solution?
What do I need to
know?
Cultural, economic,
and political
differences may
divide nations and
lead to civil war.
HOOK
Have students brainstorm
what they already know
about the differences
between the North and
South. Have them predict
which side believed in each
issue that ultimately divided
the nation
Issues the divided the nation
1. SLAVERY
 The issues related to
slavery increasingly
divided the nation and led
to the Civil War.
Issues that divided the nation
2. Cultural

North:

Urban society in which people
held jobs.
People believed it was morally
wrong to have slaves.

 South
Agricultural society in which people
lived in small villages and on farms and
plantations.
 Southerners felt that abolition of
slavery would destroy their region’s
economy.

Issues that divided the
nation
3.
Economic

North:

Industrial (steel, iron, machinery, cloth,
merchants, craftsman)
People favored tariffs that protected
factories from foreign competition.

 South:
 Agricultural
(plantation style
farming; relied on slave labor;
King Cotton)
 Opposed tariffs that would
cause prices of manufactured
goods to increase.
Issues that divided the nation
4. Political/Constitution:


North
Wanted a strong federal
government (federal
government’s power was
supreme over that of states).
 South:
 Southerners
believed in states’
rights (states had the power to
declare any national law
illegal).
WRITE TO LEARN
In what ways were the
conflicts between the
North and south similar to
a rivalry between brothers
and sisters?
LESSON 2:
STATES’ RIGHTS
AND SLAVERY
SOL
USI.9b:
Explaining how the issues of
states’ rights and slavery
increased sectional
tensions.
Essential Question
What causes a society to
become fragmented to the
point where civil war is seen
as the only solution?
What I Need to Know
Cultural, economic, and
political differences may
divide nations and lead to
civil war.
HOOK
Ask students why
people felt so
strongly about the
issue of slavery.
Are there any issues that
divided the nation today?
States’ Rights and
Slavery
The
South feared the
North would take control
of Congress.
State’s Rights and
Slavery
Southerners
began to
proclaim states’ rights as
a means of selfprotection.
State’s Rights and
Slavery
The
North believed that
the nation was a union
and could not be divided.
State’s Rights and
Slavery
While
the Civil War did not
begin as a war to abolish
slavery, issues
surrounding slavery
deeply divided the nation.
States’ Rights and
Slavery
An
important issue
separating the country
related to the power of
the Federal
government.
States’ Rights and
Slavery
Southerners
believed that
they had the power to
declare any national law
illegal.
States’ Rights and
Slavery
Northerners
believed that
the national government’s
power was supreme over
that of the states.
States’ Rights and Slavery
Southerners
felt that the
abolition of slavery would
destroy their region’s
economy.
State’s Rights and Slavery
Northerners
believed that
slavery should be
abolished for moral
reasons.
Division and Compromise:
Trying to keep the nation
together USI.9b
1) Missouri Compromise


Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri entered
the Union as slave state;
Maine entered the Union as a free state.
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Compromise of 1850


California entered the Union as a free state.
Southwest territories would decide about
slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act

People in each state would decide the
slavery issue (“popular sovereignty”).
Kansas-Nebraska Act:
Even though they tried to compromise,
they could not get past all of the issues
dividing the nation.
•Confederate
forces attacked
Fort Sumter, in
South Carolina,
marking the
beginning of
the Civil War.
Southern Secession
Following Lincoln’s election,
the Southern states seceded
from the Union.
2. Confederate forces attacked
Fort Sumter, South Carolina,
marking the beginning of the
Civil War.
1.
Southern Secession
3. Lincoln and many
Northerners believed that
the United States was one
nation that could not be
divided or separated.
Southern Secession
4. Most Southerners
believed that states had
freely created and joined
the union and could freely
leave it.
WRITE TO LEARN
Compare and contrast
the Missouri
Compromise to the
Compromise of 1850
Ready!
Set!
Go!
1.The North was
mainly an ________
society in which
people held jobs.
2.The South was
primarily an
_________ society.
3.The _______ was a
manufacturing
region.
4.The North favored
_________ to protect
factory owners and
workers from foreign
competition.
5.Southerners _____
tariffs that would
cause manufactured
goods to increase.
6.A major conflict was
_________ versus strong
central government.
7._________ believed
that they had the
power to declare
any national law
illegal.
8.Northerners believed
that the _____________
power was supreme
over that of the
states.
9.Southerners felt that
the _____ of slavery
would destroy their
region’s economy.
10._____ believed that
slavery should be
abolished for moral
reasons.
11.What compromise
said that Missouri was
a slave state and
Maine was a free
state?
12.The Compromise of
1850 allowed
California to be a free
state and the _________
would decide about
slavery.
13.People were able
to decided the
slavery issue by
which act?
14.What is “popular
sovereignty”?
15.After who’s
election did the
South secede from
the Union?
16.The first fort that
the South attacked
was _____.
17.______ believed that
the United States
could not be
separated or divided.
18.Most ____ believed
that states had freely
created and joined the
union and could freely
leave it.
LESSON 3
STATES THAT
SECEDED FROM
THE UNION
USI.9c
SOL Objective
SOL USI.9c: Identify on
a map the states that
seceded from the
Union and those that
remained in the Union.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What causes a society
to become fragmented
to the point where civil
war is seen as the only
solution?
What do I need to
know?
Cultural, economic, and
political differences
may divide nations
and lead to civil war.
HOOK
In what ways is a civil
war different from any
other kind of war?
Why might a civil war
be the most tragic kind
of war?
The Nation Divides
 What
is a
Union?
What is a Union?
A
combination so formed,
especially an alliance or
confederation of people,
parties, or political entities
for mutual interest or benefit.
The United States is a
“Union” of states.
Look up
the states
4 states became “border
states”
DKMM
•Delaware
•Kentucky Color the Border
•Maryland States Green
•Missouri
Free and Slave states before
the Civil War
States that Seceded
Southern states that were
dependent upon laborintensive cash crops
seceded from the Union.
Confederate States of America
Bonnie Blue Flag
FLAG
MAN’S
Terrific
TV
FLAG MAN’S Terrific TV
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Florida
Louisiana
Alabama
Georgia
Mississippi
Arkansas
North Carolina
South Carolina
(First)
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Virginia
• Color the CSA
RED
Flag of the
Confederate States
"FINAL EDITION"
The Third Confederate National Flag
West Virginia
Western
counties of Virginia
Refused to secede from the
Union

Color West Virginia Yellow
What is left?
States
that
remained in the
Union
Color the Union
States Blue
California
Illinois
Iowa
Maine
Michigan
New Hampshire
New York
Oregon
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Indiana
Kansas
Massachusetts
Minnesota
New Jersey
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Vermont
Wisconsin
The states that are not
named were not states
when the Civil War
began.
WRITE TO LEARN
Were the southern
states right to secede?
Why or Why not?
What have we learned?





Slave States
States that seceded
Border states
States that were not part of the US
States that stayed in the Union
Quiz on Seceding
States
Ready
Set
GO!
1. The first state to
secede was ______
2._____ states that
were dependent
upon laborintensive cash
crops seceded
from the Union.
3.Northernmost slave
states that stayed in
the Union were
called ______.
4.Virginia was a free
state.
5. California was a
slave state.
6.Name a border state.
7. What state was
formed when its
western counties
refused to secede from
the Union.
Important People of the Civil War
LESSONS 4 AND 5
ROLES OF CIVIL
WAR LEADERS
USI.9d
SOL OBJECTIVE
USI.9d: describing the roles of
Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson
Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert
E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson, and Frederick
Douglass in events leading to
and during the war.
Leaders of the Civil
War
Essential
Question:
How do the ideas
and actions of
people effect
events of
wartime?
WHAT DO I NEED TO
KNOW?
Battles and leaders greatly
impact political and
military events during
wartime.
HOOK
The Civil War was a long and
bloody conflict that tore the
nation apart. The war
divided families. To
understand the war, you
must examine it from
varying perspectives.
“The War Between the
States” “The Second
American Revolution”
“The Second War for
Independence” “The War
Against Slavery” “The
Brothers War” “The War of
Northern Aggression”
TITLES:
How does each title define what the
North and South were fighting for?
Which side would use each title?
Why?
Who are considered leaders of the Civil
War?






Abraham
Lincoln
Elected in 1860
Was president of the United States
Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
Was determined to preserve the
union – even by force
Believed the US was one nation
(not a collection of individual
states)
Wrote the Gettysburg Address that
said the Civil War was to preserve
a government “of the people, by
the people, and for the people”
Who are considered leaders of the Civil
War?




Leader of the Army of
Northern Virginia
Offered the command of the
Union forces at the beginning
of the war but chose not to
fight against Virginia
Opposed secession, but did
not believe the union should
be held together by force
Urged Southerners to accept
defeat at the end of the war
and reunite as Americans
when some wanted to
continue fighting.
Robert E. Lee
Other Civil War
Leaders
Ulysses S. Grant:
General of the
Union Army that
defeated Robert
E. Lee and the
Confederate
Army.
Frederick Douglass:
a former
enslaved African
American who
escaped to the
North and
became an
abolitionist.
Lincoln and
His Generals
Other Civil War
Leaders
Jefferson Davis
 Was president of
the Confederate
States of America
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
 Was a skilled
Confederate
general from
Virginia
Picture of CSA
Leaders
WRITE TO LEARN
Take two (2) of the
leaders and write a
short description of
each.
Quick Quiz
Ready
Set
GO!
1.I am the President of
the United States.
2.I was the president of
the Confederate
States of America.
3.I was the general of
the Union army.
5.I was the leader of the
Army of Northern
Virginia.
5.I was a skilled
Confederate general
from Virginia.
6.I was a former slave
who escaped to the
North and became an
abolitionist.
7.I believed that the
Union must be
preserve by force if
necessary.
8.I was opposed to
secession, but did not
believe the union
should be held by
force.
LESSON 6
MAJOR EVENTS AND
BATTLES OF THE
CIVIL WAR
SOL OBJECTIVE
USI.9e: demonstrate
knowledge of the
major events and
battles of the Civil
War.
Essential Question
How
large a role does
location and topography
(geography) play in the
events and outcomes of
war?
What do I Need to Know?
Location and topography
influence the events and
outcomes of war.
HOOK
What is the difference between
offensive strategy and defensive
strategy? (THINK about a sports
strategies)
What role does geography play in
planning offensive and defense
strategies in war?
Civil War Facts


1/2 million people
were killed or
wounded in the Civil
War
60 % of the fighting
took place in Virginia
Picture Credit: volusia.com/civilwar/
North
South
23 States
11 States
Union
Confederate
Yankee
Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
USA
CSA
Army of the Potomac
River
Virginia
Federal
Election of 1860
 1860
 Abraham
Lincoln carried the
North and thus won election
(more Northerners voters)
 Southern states start
seceding.
Firing of Fort Sumter
April
11-13, 1861
Union fort in South
Carolina.
Important fort that
guarded Charleston.
Confederate victory.
Fort Sumter
The First Battle of
Manassas (Bull Run)
 1861
 Virginia
 First
major battle of war
 Showed both sides that their soldiers
needed training
 Also showed that war would be long
and bloody
 Confederate victory
The First Battle of Manassas
(Bull Run)
The first
major
battle
The First Battle of Manassas
(Bull Run)
Emancipation
Proclamation
 Freed
slaves in Southern
states
 Change the purpose of the
war: Union troops were
fighting to end slavery as
well as to save the Union.
The
signing of
the
Emancipation
Proclamation
Made “freeing the slaves”
the new focus of the
war.
Many freed slaves joined the
Union army.
The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Gettysburg
 1863
 Pennsylvania
 Turning
point in the war
 North repelled Lee’s
invasion
 50,000 died or wounded
The Battle of Gettysburg
The turning
point of the
war
The North
repelled
Lee’s
invasion.
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
1863
 Given at a ceremony to dedicate a
cemetery to the memory of those
soldiers who died in the battle.
 Nation was founded on the belief that
“all men are created equal.”
 And “that government of the people, by
the people, for the people…”

Battle of Vicksburg
 1863
 Mississippi
 Divided
the South
 The North controlled the
Mississippi River
The Battle of Vicksburg
Divided the South
Gave the North control of the Mississippi
River.
The Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of
Vicksburg
Appomattox Court
House
 1865
 Virginia
 Union
surrounds Lee’s
troops
 Lee surrenders
 Civil War is Over!!!
Appomattox Court
House
Lee’s surrender to Grant at
Appomattox Court House
In1865
Ended the war.
USI.9e
Influence of location and
topography on critical
developments in the war
You will use maps to
explain critical
developments in the
war, including major
battles.
The Union
blockade of
southern ports
(e.g., Savannah,
Charleston, New
Orleans)
Control of the Mississippi River
(e.g., Vicksburg)
Effects of Location and
Topography
Control of the high
ground (Gettysburg)
Battle locations
influenced by
the struggle to
capture capital
cities (e.g.,
Richmond;
Washington,
D.C.)
In the East, beginning
in the spring of 1861,
the cry from Union
headquarters was "On
to Richmond!"
WRITE TO LEARN
How much impact did
geography (location
and topography) have
on events of the Civil
War and its
conclusion? Give
specific examples.
Quick Quiz
Good Luck!
1.This battle started the
Civil War.
2.The first major battle
of the Civil War was at
______.
3. Whose election
caused the South to
secede from the
Union?
4.This battle was fought
in Maryland and there
was no clear winner.
5.This event made
“freeing the slaves”
the new focus of the
war.
6.This battle was the
turning point of the
war.
7.This event honored
the memory of the
soldiers killed at
Gettysburg.
8.This battle divided the
South.
9.This campaign
showed the North’s
new focus of total
war.
10.This battle lasted
nine months and
caused Richmond to
fall.
11.This battle is where
Lee surrendered to
Grant.
LESSONS 7 AND 8
GENERAL EFFECTS
OF THE CIVIL WAR
USI.9f
SOL Objective
SOL USI.9f: describe the
effects of war from the
perspectives of Union and
Confederate soldiers
(including black soldiers),
women, and slaves.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How does war change
the lives of soldiers,
the lives of civilians,
and society?
What I Need to Know?
 Life
on the battlefield and on the
homefront was extremely harsh.
 Many died from disease and
exposure.
 War changes the lives of people.
 Civil war can tear apart families,
damage societal institutions, and
break apart nations.
HOOK
What concerns do you think
African Americans might
have had during the Civil
War? Would concerns have
been different depending on
whether they lived in the
North or South?
General effects of the
War
Families and friends
were often pitted
against one another.
Southern
troops became
increasingly
younger and
more poorly
equipped and
clothed.
DAVID E. JOHNSTON, 16 YEARS OLD
Much of the South was
devastated at the end of the war
(e.g., burning of Atlanta and Richmond).
Disease was a major killer
Combat was brutal and
often man-to-man.
Clara Barton, a Civil War
nurse, created the
American Red Cross.
General Effects cont.
Women were left to run
businesses in the
North and farms and
plantations in the
South.
The collapse
of the
Confederacy
made
Confederate
money
worthless.
Effects of the war on
African Americans
 African
Americans fought in
both the Confederate and
Union armies.
 The Confederacy often used
enslaved African Americans
as naval crew members and
soldiers.
Effects of African
Americans cont.
 The
Union moved to enlist
African Americans sailors
early in the war.
 African Americans soldiers
were paid less than white
soldiers.
Effects on African
Americans cont.
 African
American soldiers
were discriminated against
and served in segregated
units under the command of
white officers.
Robert Smalls
A
sailor and later a Union
naval captain.
 Highly honored feats of
bravery and heroism.
 Congressman after the Civil
War.
WRITE TO LEARN
Do you think the U.S.
could ever experience
another civil war?
What might be the
likely causes of such a
war?
Effects of the War
Ready
Set
GO!
1.True or False.
Families and friends
were often pitted
against one another.
2.True or False
Much of the North
was devastated at the
end of the war.
3.Who was left to run
the factories in the
North and the farms
and plantations in the
South?
4.True or False
Combat was brutal
and often man-to-man.
5.True or False
African Americans
could not serve in the
armies of the North
and South.
6.True or False
African Americans
soldiers were often
discriminated against.
7.True or False
African Americans
could command a
troop.