Download the civil war - OCPS TeacherPress

THE CIVIL WAR
1861 - 1865
The War Begins
Civil War begins with southerners firing on Ft. Sumter in the
harbor of Charleston, S.C.
Opinion in the North demanded action to “Save the Union”
Other states in the South joined S.C. in seceding from Union
Virginia split into two states, border states stayed in the Union
but had many southern sympathizers; Maryland,
Tennessee, Kentucky, Delaware
Inside Fort Sumter after its surrender
Advantages and Disadvantages
North
Most of the population
More wealth
Almost all industry and factories
2/3rds of all railroads
More food production
no slaves to guard
Almost the entire navy
South
Fighting in defensive role
Valuable cotton to sell
Slave labor
superior generals
Possible help from England
Early Stages of the War
The South won almost all the battles in the first 2 years of
the war
The first Battle at Bull Run (Manasas) showed war would not
be quick and easy as many expected
Robert E. Lee led outnumbered rebels to victories at
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness
Union army did best in the West led by U.S. Grant winning at
Shiloh and later Vicksburg
Union navy very effective in blockading the South
A steam
frigate
Emancipation
Slavery continued in border states; slaves captured by Union
forces held as contraband
After narrow victory at Antietam Pres. Lincoln decided to issue
the Emancipation Proclamation.
Proclamation mostly a propaganda success; it helped convince
Britain not to help the Confederacy, and it gave
Union forces a noble cause to fight for
Since war was now about ending slavery AND saving the
Union, many blacks in the North were willing to fight
against the South
Emancipation
Proclamation
The War On the Home Front
Both aides had to use conscription to get soldiers; North
paid bounties for enlisting; draft riots across the
North targeted blacks
Southerners suffered more than northerners because of
shortages, runaway slaves, limited man power
North had an economic boom and war profiteers
Both sides used paper $ and had high inflation
Home front - continued
Prison camps on both sides were terrible; the worst by far
was Andersonville in Georgia
Women on both sides took men’s jobs, served as spies
(Harriett Tubman), nurses (Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
Ending the War
New technology in war- railroads, telegraphs, gatling guns,
ironclad warships, submarines, balloons, repeaters
Turning point was Battle of Gettysburg 1863. General Grant
took over all Union forces after the battle and used his
greater numbers to pound Lee and the rebel army
General William T. Sherman made his famous ‘March to the
Sea’ in 1864.
Lincoln was re-elected in 1864;
1865 Lee was forced to surrender; war ended; Lincoln was
assassinated
Battle of Hampton Roads between the Monitor and the Merrimac
Dead Rebel sharpshooter at Devil’s Den, Gettysburg
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
William T. Sherman
George B. McClellan
‘Stonewall’ Jackson
James Longstreet
Richmond, VA 1865
African-American Soldiers