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The American Civil War 1861 - 1865 Leaders Purpose Causes Aftermath Advances in technology Videos Battles Final Quiz Purpose The purpose of this lesson is to teach the student all the facets of the American Civil War. In this lesson the student can expect a number of informational slides, a video, and at least one quiz. This lesson has been tailored especially for students high school aged and they will learn about the causes of the Civil War, many important battles, what was resolved by the fighting, and the affects of what happened in the 1860’s has on today. Home Causes Economic differences between the North and South Centralized and Decentralized Government Slavery The Election of Abraham Lincoln Sectionalism Home Causes of the Civil War Quiz Battles The Battle of Fort Sumter The First Battle of Bull Run The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Gettysburg Sherman’s March to the Sea Surrender at Appomattox Home Battles Quiz Aftermath Rebuilding Death Loss of Exports Post Traumatic Stress Disorder General Sherman’s Destruction Home Aftermath Quiz Advances in Technology Repeating Rifle Ironclad Submarines Hand Grenades Trench Warfare Railroads Home Advances in Technology Quiz Final Quiz This test will be either multiple choice or fill in the blank. For the fill in the blank question a word bank will be provided. This test will cover all material in this lesson, once started you will not be able to go back and look at any other slides until the test in completed. Begin The Test Home Leaders Abraham Lincoln Union President Jefferson Davis Confederacy President Leader Quiz Ulysses S. Grant General of the Union Army Home Robert E. Lee General of the Confederate Army Abraham Lincoln Born: February 12, 1809; Died: April 15, 1865 16th president of the United States President Lincoln sought to keep control of the succeeded states by issuing that all states in the union send around 75,000 troops to help recapture the states. Even in his darkest times at a president, Lincoln attempted to keep the Union together because he knew that a strong presidency would keep the people of America happy and not as concern. On September 22, 1862 Lincoln gave a pivotal speech of his presidency, and that was the Emancipation Proclamation. The order he gave did not free slaves, but made it illegal to own slaves in certain areas of the country. Towards the end of the war Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as the leader of the Union troops due to his service in the war thus far, and due to his great leadership abilities and war strategies. Home Leaders Jefferson Davis June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889 First President of the Confederacy Starting off as a major general in the Confederate army, Jefferson Davis soon was one of four men considered for the spot to become the president of the Confederacy. Jefferson won the vote by a landslide, winning all votes. Proud to be elected president, Davis’ real goal was to serve be a general in the army, but he gladly accepted the presidency. Davis appointed general Robert E. Lee to become general of all forces for the Confederate army in June of 1862, this proved to be a very helpful and strategic move for Davis. Upon surrender of the south, Jefferson Davis hoped form Virginia to North Carolina to Louisiana, before finally coming to stop in Georgia. After being captured Jefferson Davis spent the next three years in prison for treason. Once being released from prison Davis lived on his plantation in Louisiana until his death in 1889. Home Leaders Ulysses S. Grant April 27, 1822 - July 23, 1885 Started off as a volunteer that answered Lincoln's call to arms, then sought after a higher ranking job rather than just a soldier. Many officers saw his passion for the service and made him in charge of recruiting and training new soldiers. After a year or two of training he sought more, he made a lasting impression on Washington and they soon promoted him to a field command position. Many people doubted he would be a good leader due to the fact he really had no formal military training like his opponent Robert E. Lee did, but Grant proved to be a good tactical leader and led the Union army through several difficult battles. His leadership through the war would prove to be enough for the American public to vote Ulysses S. Grant in as the 18th president of the United States of America. Home Leaders Robert E. Lee January 19, 1807 - October 12, 1870 Not many know this about Robert E. Lee, but he opposed succession and actually supported the Union, but loved his state of Virginia so much that he had no other choice but to fight for them during the Civil War. Appointed as leader of the army early gave Lee an advantage to the North due to the fact that their leader of the army was a revolving door and had many different leaders before they finally came upon Ulysses S. Grant. Robert E. Lee was a well educated man that studied at West Point Military Academy. The situation in the South grew so bad during the Civil War due to low man power, Lee came up with the idea to arm and train slaves, with their cooperation their families would be freed, and if the slave were to survive during the war they would be freed once the war was over. Many opposed this idea initially, but later gave into the idea knowing it was the only option. After the war Lee did not receive any punishment by the law, but he did lose voting privileges, and some property. He lived in his Virginia house until his death from a stroke in 1870. Home Leaders Economic Differences Between The North and South One of the top reasons for the succession of the south from the Union is the economic differences between the two sides. The north, being a more industrial economy needed different things than the south. Different rules and regulations affected the north more than the south and vise versa. The south was more of an agricultural country that relied heavily on the cotton plant. Most of the land in the south was used by plantations that would grow cotton, and then export it to either other countries or to the North. The North was actually one of the largest buyers of southern cotton before the war broke out. Although, having a country that is virtually divided by their production is not good for the country as a whole because laws imposed to benefit the more industrial companies in the North could in turn hurt plantations in the south, and rules imposed on plantains could hurt the factories of the North. This is just one of the many reasons as to why the Southern states succeeded from the Union. Home Causes Centralized and Decentralized Government Since the beginning of the United States of America there's always been two different sides of the idea. One side of the idea believes that since things that happened in states are not like things that happen in other states that each states should be in control of its own law, with the government having a loose hold over each state. While the other side of this argument believes that the only way for the country to operate correctly and function properly is for a strong central government, and the states had to follow all laws and acts placed down by the central government. The North believed in the strong central government, you can tell this by the way in which the North ran their government after the split. While on the other hand, the South believed in strong state power with a weak centralized government. Home Causes Slavery This reason really should be obvious, the North believed that slavery should be abolished and there was no place for slavery in the modern era, while the South believed in slavery and found it worked perfectly for their life style in the south. Southern plantation owners would be able to purchase slaves at a cheap price and not need to pay them any wages, where as if slavery were made illegal then plantation owners would need to fork up money to each worker. The two different life styles led to the slavery fight. Home Causes Leaders of the American Civil War Quiz #1 Who was the leading general of the Union Army? A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ulysses S. Grant C. Robert E. Lee D. George Washington Carver Home Leaders Causes of the American Civil War Quiz #1 Which side was more industrial? A. North B. South C. Both D. None Home Causes Battles of the American Civil War Quiz #1 What was the First battle of the Civil War A. Appomattox B. Gettysburg C. Fort Sumter D. Shiloh Home Battles Aftermath Quiz #1 Around how many people in total were killed in action? (both sides combined) A. 300,000 B. 200,000 C. 215,000 Home D. 245,000 Aftermath Advances in Technology Quiz #1 What were the iron sided ships called that both sides used? A. Ironclad B. Metal boats C. Iron bottoms D. Iron boat Home Advances in Technology The Battle of Fort Sumter April 12-13, 1861 Location: Charleston, South Carolina The first battle of the American Civil War, this battle resulted in the victory for the Confederate army. Fort Sumter was low on supply and resources, Confederate armies bombarded the fort and used superior numbers to overwhelm the Union soldiers in the fort. The confederate army drew the first blood in this bloody campaign. This attack woke up northern citizens and they began to start to listen to president Lincoln’s call to arms. After the battle the Union saw a dramatic increase in the amount of volunteers for the army. Home Battles The First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Location: Prince William County, Virginia In the First Battle of Bull Run was significant in the American Civil War due to what happened during the war. The Union army planned to surprise the Confederate army early in the morning, but it was anything but a surprise. The union army planned to attack with a large sum of nearly 20,000 troops, although the amount of troops would prove to be irrelevant due to the greater leadership skills of the Confederate generals. This battle was the bloodiest battle in American History up until that point in history with Union casualties around 3,500 and Confederate casualties around 2,100. Home Battles The Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland The single bloodiest day in American history, the battle of Antietam gave the United States more than 23,000 casualties. The battle all started with the Union army, commanded at that time by general George B. McClellan, in pursuit of the Confederate army. The Confederate army led by general Robert E. Lee made it into Union territory, but only into Maryland where they were met by Union forces. Similar to the Battle of Bull Run, the Union far out matched the Confederate in amount of soldiers, but the Union army was not led by the best tactical general. Robert E. Lee led many counter attacks and almost defeated the Union army, but the sheer amount of force provided by the Union army proved to be too much for the South, and the North eventually won the bloodiest battle in American History Home Battles The Battle of Shiloh April 6 - 7, 1862 Hardin County, Tennessee The battle started off when the Confederate army attempted to surprise attack the Union army and tried to drive them into the swamps of Tennessee. For the first say of battle, the Confederate army proved to be stronger, and hoped that their army could defeat the Union’s before back-ups came. The whole first say the Union army took a beating, but once the reinforcements arrived for the Union the mood of the battle switched, and the Union forces began fighting back and taking over the Confederate attackers. This proved to be one of the most important battles in the war due to the Union fighting off the Confederate on their own soil for the first time. Home Battles The Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1864 Location: Adams County, Pennsylvania Often considered one of the most important battles in the Civil War. The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war, after Lee and the Confederate army won battles in their Northern invasion they moved to take control of Gettysburg, although the Union forces had other plans in their head. The Union general, George G. Meade out smarted Robert E. Lee and found a way to crush the hopes of the invading Confederate army. The Union needed a way to dampen the South's mood since they were on such a high, but since they met a crushing defeat in Gettysburg, the South was shaken, and knew they were soon close to defeat, their most recent campaign had sucked all the life out of them, and everyone was getting tired. Lee knew his men were close to losing it and this was his one final stand to raise the morale. The campaign resulted in a Union victory, and the South's hopes being crushed. Home Battles Sherman’s March to the Sea November 16, 1864 - December 21, 1864 Location: Georgia The march started in Atlanta, GA and went to Savannah, GA. General Ulysses S. Grant said “I believe the only way for the South to surrender is if their strategic, economic, and physiological capacity for warfare were decisively broken.” Sherman took this quote to heart and destroyed everything in his path from Atlanta to Savannah. In his march Sherman destroyed everything in sight, from farm houses to crops to whole towns. His march was meant to destroy everyone's morale in the South. Home Battles Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House, Virginia The Final battle of the American Civil War, fought at the Appomattox Court House, the Union forces drove back the Confederate forces to their last strong hold, and fought them until general Robert E. Lee gave the surrender to Ulysses S. Grant. The Confederate forces knew they were done, and did not make this battle too bloody. This marked the end of the American Civil War, and began a new chapter in the U.S. history. Home Battles Repeating Rifles The repeating rifle was a huge asset to troops during the Civil War. The soldier using the gun could fire multiple rounds in a minute, where as with the non repeating rifles the soldier would fire one shot, and have to manually reload his weapon which could take several minutes. The rifles that started off were generally used with cartridges that would have a spring that loaded the bullet into the chamber, but later rifles used lever action to load the weapon. The repeating rifle revolutionized warfare by speeding up the firing process and allowed for soldiers to attack and defend more aggressively. With this different type of firing power new tactics were made to accommodate the soldiers using these weapons. Home Technologies Ironclads Ironclad battle ships were the beginning of the modern day steel ships. Before the Civil War all ships were made of wood and therefore not nearly as strong against cannon fire. The first idea for a steel war ship came from an engineer in the North named Johann Schmitt, he had the idea to attach steel plates onto the hull of old war ships. Ironclads were heavily armored and carried large amounts of fire power. A Confederate ironclad even had a ram attached to the front so that their ship could just ram into wooden ships and cause massive amounts of damage. Possibly the most famous battle of an ironclad was when the Union and Confederate ironclads met. Both ships traded fire for hours until the Union ironclad, The USS Monitor won the battle. Ironclads faded out towards the start of WWI when the U.S. state department transitioned from wood hulls to all metal hulls. Home Technologies Submarines Submarines were thought of before the Civil War, but it was not until the Civil War that scientists had the technology available to produce a working submarine. The submarines used during the Civil War were not necessarily used to attack other ships, but were either used to transport people through blockades, or to clear obstacles in the water that might damage ships passing through. It was not until later on towards the end of the war that either side used a submarine as an attack ship, the first reported sinking of a ship by a submarine was done C.S.S Hunley. Home Technologies Hand Grenades Prior to the civil war, armies really did not have the intelligence and resources to create grenades. The civil war was the first time that both armies involved in a war used hand grenades on a regular basis. The North armies used the type of hand grenade above that had the weighted front end with the tail. This is due to the fact that the grenades used by the North were plunger grenades, the type of grenade that explode of impact, the weighted front and extended tail ensured that the plunger would hit on impact and explode other than the tail hitting the ground first and not exploding. On the other hand, the South used sphere grenades that had a fuse and would be lit and thrown towards the target. Home Technologies Trench Warfare Before the Civil War most of the fighting done was in lines with each time side taking turns firing at each other. Although, during the Civil War both sides began using a new style of fighting. The new style of fighting was trench warfare, during the Civil War, both sides began using this style which decreased the number of casualties, but also increased the amount of time that each battle took. Home Technologies Railroads Before the Civil War railroads were not used quite as much. The Civil War made the use of railroads more available, and the railroads also allowed the armies to supply their troops with new resources and new troops regiments. The North had more use of the railroads due to their more industrial nature, and more need for railroad in industrial factories. The South still had railroads, but the railroads in the South were not as useful, and there was nearly the same amount in the south as in the north. Home Technologies The Election of Abraham Lincoln The election of president Abraham Lincoln is regarded as really the last straw as to why the Civil War started and the southern states succeeded. Southerners did not like the way that Abraham Lincoln was running his campaign and did not like the beliefs that he was running with. After being elected many southerners grew angry with the way the government was run, and they saw no change any time in the near future, therefore they saw the only way to change the government was to succeed, and start their own country. Home Causes Sectionalism In the United States around the 1860’s was a very different place than it is today. Although the North and South may seem to be different places now, but during the Civil War time both sides were completely different. The North being a much more industrial side with goods being their main focus needed different things than the South who was more focused on agriculture. Both sides needing different things, and both sides believing different things brought a separation between the two sides. Home Causes Rebuilding One of the hardest parts after the Civil War was the rebuilding. Most of the south was destroyed during the war considering that many of the battles done during the war took part in the south. It took many years after the Civil war to completely rebuild many of the cities and towns that were destroyed during battle. A lot of the resources were also destroyed during the war or used during the war, therefore it took many years for the south to rebuild. Home Aftermath Death The American Civil War is the deadliest battle in American history due to the fact that both sides fighting were American. This war went down in history as one of the most tragic fights because family members were fighting family members. The body toll was breath taking. For the North, there was 140,414 killed in action, 365,000 total deaths, and 275,200 wounded. In the South, 72,524 killed in action, 260,000 total deaths, and 137,000 wounded. In all around 215,000 Americans lost their life in battle. Home Aftermath Loss of Exports For southern states whose main economy is stemmed from agriculture, having all their crops destroyed does not help their future growth. Also, during the war the Northern states put a blockade around the south, not allowing the southern states to export their good to other countries in Europe or South America. Having this loss of exports did not allow southern states to grow during the war, fund their war effort, or allow for their growth after the surrender. Thankfully, after the war ended the north helped out the south to rebuild. Home Aftermath Post Traumatic Stress Disorder After the war ended, there was several soldiers who took the tolls of the war hard. It was not until the war was over that the real tolls of the war set in on some of the soldiers. For years they were killing their own people, their neighbors and other Americans. They were doing it for what seemed right at the time, although after the war was over many if nor most of the troops involved in the war took to depression and hard times down the road. After battling for nearly four years, and fighting for your home land, a lot can happen mentally to someone. Not only was the battles bad, many soldiers returned home to broken families or displaced families because they lost their house in a battle or an army destroyed it. These factors too led to the devastating effects of post traumatic stress disorder. Home Aftermath General Sherman’s Destruction At no other point in history has one mans army destroyed so much in such a short time. General William Tecumseh Sherman’s army was given orders to march from Atlanta , GA to Savannah, GA and destroy everything in their path. There was no stopping the army they destroyed everything in their way it didn’t matter if it was a farm house or a military outpost, it was destroyed. Sherman’s army also burnt farms down and killed off all livestock so the army could be fed, and the southerners did not get the food. After the march and after the war all that land and destruction was left in ruble. The south barely had any money to rebuild their cities, and many of the resources were devoted to other rebuilding projects. Home Aftermath Correct!!!! Ulysses S. Grant was the Leading general of the Union Army!!! Quiz Home Next Question Incorrect!!!!! Guess Again!!!!! Back to Question #1 Leaders of the American Civil War Quiz #2 What did Jefferson Davis want to be instead of President of the Confederacy? A. Peasant B. General C. Farmer D. Judge Home Leaders Correct!!!! Jefferson Davis actually wanted to be a general in the Confederate army, but accepted the offer to become president!!! Home Leaders Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!!!! Back To Question Correct!!!! The North was more Industrial than the South!!! Next Question Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!!! Back To Question Causes of the American Civil War #2 Which side believed in a weak central government and stronger states rights? A. North B. South C. Both D. Neither Correct!!!! You are so right!! the South did believe that the National government should be weak, while the states had strong governments!!! Home Causes Incorrect!!! Guess Again!!!! Back To Question Correct!!!! The battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the Civil War! it was fought on April 12-13, 1861 Next Question Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!! Back To Question Battles of the American Civil War #2 What general led a march from Atlanta to Savannah? A. Grant B. Lee C. Sherman D. Lincoln Home Battles Correct!!!! It was General Sherman who led his men on a devastating march from Atlanta to Savannah!! Home Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!!! Back To Question Correct!!! You are right! nearly 215,000 American soldiers were killed in action during the Civil War. This is marked as the deadliest war in American History Next Question Incorrect!!!!! Try Again!!!! Back To Question Aftermath Quiz #2 What was the disorder called that many soldiers got after the war? A. Postpartum Depression B. Schizophrenia C. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder D. Mentally Crazy Correct!!!! You’re right!! the condition most of the soldiers returned home with was called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD Home Aftermath Incorrect!!!!! Please Try Again Back To Question Final Test Question #1 Who was president of the United States of America during the American Civil War? A. Jefferson Davis B. Abraham Lincoln C. George Bush D. Bill Clinton Correct!!!!! Abraham Lincoln was president during the civil war! we has the 16th president of the United States! Next Question Incorrect!!!! Guess Again! Back To Question Question #2 The Battle of Fort _________ was the first battle of the civil war. A. Knox B. Sumter C. Harrison D. Gettysburg Correct!!!! The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the civil war, it took place on April 12-13, 1861 Next Question Incorrect!!!! Try Again! Back To Question Question #3 Which was not a cause of the Civil War? A. Slavery B. The election of Abraham Lincoln C. Prohibition D. Centralized and Decentralized Government Correct!!! Prohibition was not a cause of the American Civil War!!! Next Question Incorrect!! This is a reason for the civil war starting! Back To Question Question #4 The surrender at ____________was the final battle of the American Civil War A. Appomattox B. Gettysburg C. Charlestown D. Yorktown Correct!!! The Surrender at Appomattox was the final battle of the Civil War! Next Question Incorrect!! Back To Question Question #5 ________ was the South's main crop A. Corn B. Wheat C. Cotton D. Soy Beans Correct! Cotton was the main cash crop from the south! Next Question Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!! Back To Question Question #6 What general led a march of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah? A. General Grant B. General Sherman C. General McNamara D. General Lee Correct!!! You’re right! It was General Sherman who led a destructive march from Atlanta, GA to Savannah, GA! Next Question Incorrect!!! Guess Again!! Back To Question Question #7 The North used what type of grenade during the Civil War? A. Plumber B. Plunger C. Percussion D. Sphere Correct!!! You’re right!! The North used the plunger grenade that would explode on impact. Next Question Incorrect!!! Guess Again!!! Back To Question Question #8 _________were heavily armored ships that had iron plating on the sides. A. Steelclad B. Ironclad C. Ironship D. Ironsides Correct!!! You’re Right! The ships that had iron plating on the sides were called Ironclads. Next Question Incorrect!!! Try Again! Back To Question Question #9 What was the northern most battle fought during the Civil War? A. Shiloh B. Chancellorsville C. Gettysburg D. Fort Sumter Correct!!! Gettysburg was the northern most fought battle during the civil war!!! Next Question Incorrect!! Try Again! Back To Question Question #10 What year did the civil war end? A. 1861 B. 1864 C. 1865 D. 1866 Correct! You’re right! The civil war ended in the year 1865 when General Lee surrender at Appomattox! Next Slide! Incorrect!!! Try Again! Back To Question You’re Done!! You now know more about the civil war!!! Return Home Correct!!! The iron sided boats were called ironclads!!! Next Question Incorrect!!! Try Again!!! Back To Question Advances in Technology Quiz #2 What invention allowed for soldiers to shoot multiple bullets in a short amount of time? A. Repeating Rifle Machine Gun C. Shot gun D. Sniper rifle Correct!!! The repeating rifle was created and allowed soldiers to shoot more bullets Home Incorrect!!!! Try Again!!! Back To Question A brief history of the American Civil War In Modern Times Home Videos History of the Civil War Home Videos Videos A Brief History of the Civil War History of the Civil War Home