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The Civil War
A Nation Divided
The Civil War
• Long-term Causes
– Conflict over slavery
– Economic differences between North and
South
– Conflict over the issue of states’ rights v.
Federal control
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The Civil War
• Immediate causes:
– Election of Abraham Lincoln
– Secession of the Southern states
– Firing on Fort Sumter
– PURPOSE OF THE WAR:
• To fight against secession. To preserve and
protect the Union.
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The Civil War
• General expectations:
– That the war would last no longer than 90
days.
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The Civil War
• Remember: The North enjoyed
tremendous advantages over the South:
– More factories
– More extensive rail system
– Greater food production
– More fighting power
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The Civil War
• Union strategy:
– A three-part plan:
• The Union Navy would blockade Southern ports.
• Union riverboats and troops would move down the
Mississippi and cut the South in two.
• Capture the confederate capital at Richmond, VA.
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The Civil War
• What about the South?
– They had their own advantages as they
entered into war:
• A long military tradition
• OUTSTANDING generals
• Highly motivated soldiers who saw themselves as
the defenders of their homeland. PASSION!
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The Civil War
• Confederate strategy:
– They are forced to adopt a mostly defensive
strategy but Southern leadership encouraged
their generals to attack—and even invade—
the North if given the opportunity
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The Civil War
• Emancipation proclamation:
– Though no slaves would actually be freed
Lincoln’s proclamation would change the
tone, tenor, and purpose of the war.
– Original purpose:
• To stop secession of the South and preserve the
Union.
– New purpose:
• To end slavery; to free the enslaved. Suddenly,
this war was focused on the moral purpose of
achieving freedom FOR ALL MEN!!!
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The Civil War
• After the Proclamation, black men were
allowed to join the fight for freedom and
they enlisted in enormous numbers.
• That DOESN’T MEAN…that all
Northerners were glad to see AfricanAmericans join the battle. Many accepted
them begrudgingly.
• Indeed, blacks were placed in all-black
regiments.
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The Civil War
• After the Proclamation compromise was
no longer an option:
– The Confederacy knew that if it lost, its slaveholding society would perish, and the North
knew that it could win only by completely
defeating the Confederacy. IT WAS WAR TO
THE DEATH.
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The Civil War
• Civil War Medicine
– Look into Civil War medicine.
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How did they deal with injuries sustained in battle?
What kinds of injuries did soldiers tend to suffer?
What about things like anesthesia? Pain medicine?
What kinds of instruments were used?
How many casualties occurred as a result of poor medicine?
How many doctors were available?
What kind of education did doctors of the period have?
• These are just a few of the possible questions you could ask.
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The Civil War
• The Legacy of the War
– Using information that you have learned, what
do you imagine was the legacy of the War.
– Want to make sure that you are on the right
track? CHECK CHAPTER 11 SECTION 5.
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The Civil War
• Immediate Effects of the Civil War:
– Abolition of slavery
– Widening gap between the economies of the
North and South
– Physical devastation of the South
– Reunification of the country
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The Civil War
• Long-Term Effects of the Civil War
– Reconstruction of the South
– Industrial boom
– Increased federal authority
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