Download CIVIL WAR In the spring of 1861, decades of simmering tensions

CIVIL WAR
In the spring of 1861, decades of simmering tensions between the northern and southern United
States over issues including states' rights versus federal authority, westward expansion and slavery
exploded into the American Civil War (1861-65). The election of the anti-slavery Republican
Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to
form the Confederate States of America; four more joined them after the first shots of the Civil
War were fired. Four years of brutal conflict were marked by historic battles at Bull Run
(Manassas), Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, among others. The War
Between the States, as the Civil War was also known, pitted neighbor against neighbor and in
some cases, brother against brother. By the time it ended in Confederate surrender in 1865, the
Civil War proved to be the costliest war ever fought on American soil, with some 620,000 of 2.4
million soldiers killed, millions more injured and the population and territory of the South
devastated.
CIVIL WAR II
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In
response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave
states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of
America ("the Confederacy"); the other 25 states supported the federal government ("the Union").
After four years of warfare, mostly within the Southern states, the Confederacy surrendered and
slavery was outlawed everywhere in the nation. Issues that led to war were partially resolved in the
Reconstruction Era that followed, though others remained unresolved. Hostilities began on April
12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South
Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state to recapture federal
property, which led to declarations of secession by four more slave states. Both sides raised armies
as the Union seized control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade.
Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861–62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts
to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign. In September
1862, the confederate campaign in Maryland ended in defeat at the Battle of Antietam, which
dissuaded the British from intervening.[2] Days after that battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[3]
CIVIL WAR III
The Civil War was a fight to preserve the Union which was the United States of America. From
the conception of the Constitution, there were two differing opinions on the role of the federal
government. Federalists believed that the federal government and the executive needed to maintain
their power in order to ensure the survival of the union. On the other hand, anti-federalists held that
states should retain much of their sovereignty within the new nation. Basically they believed that
each state should have the right to determine the laws within its own borders and should not be
forced to follow the mandates of the federal government unless absolutely necessary.
As time passed the rights of the states would often collide with various actions the federal
government was taking. Arguments arose over taxation, tariffs, internal improvements, the
military, and of course slavery.