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Transcript
Civil War Plans and Early Battles Chapter 11 Section 1 Objectives • Contrast the resources and strategies of the North and South. • Describe the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War. Northern Advantages • Population 22 Million, South 3.5 Million whites, 5.5 million slaves • 85% of the nation’s industry. NY alone outproduced the entire south • Southern slave system slowed industrial development • The north had 20,000 miles of railroad track while the south had 9,000 • The north had the U.S. Navy, while the south had no Navy to start the war. Southern Advantages • They only had to play defense • They had excellent military leadership Southern Plan for Victory • Capture Washington, D.C. • Strike through the Shenandoah Valley • Gain European support Anaconda Plan • Union plan for victory: • 1: Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital. • 2: Gain control of the Mississippi River • 3: Institute a naval blockade of the south. Lincoln’s War Strategy • was initially to preserve the Union • was aimed at keeping the four border states in the Union, even though they allowed slavery. He thought this was crucial to winning the war The border states did not join the Confederacy. They stayed in the Union. Early battles of the Civil War occurred in three areas of the North American continent. • The East—Manassas and later Richmond, Virginia • The Mississippi Valley—western Kentucky, Tennessee, and then Shiloh and the port of New Orleans • The Southwest—New Mexico First Battle of Bull Run • Lincoln ordered his troops to march on the Confederate capital of Richmond • They were met by Confederate troops at Manassas Junction about 30 miles from D.C. • The Confederates held the high ground and were able to send the Union troops running back • Bull Run convinced people the war was not going to be a quick and easy affair • Both sides began to train and prepare more seriously The Battle of Shiloh • General Grant defeated the Confederates at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, giving the North control over Tennessee and Kentucky Grant was marching towards Mississippi when he met up with Confederate General P.T. Beauregard • Grant was surprised by the attack and his troops were forced back • They were able to regroup the next day and their counterattack was able to defeat the southerners New Orleans • Union control of the Mississippi River depended on taking New Orleans • Admiral David Farragut attacked and took the city • The loss of its largest and most profitable city was a blow to southern morale • Both the North and the South were shocked by the large number of dead and injured from the battles. Objectives • Contrast the resources and strategies of the North and South. • Describe the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War.
