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Civil War Plans and Early Battles
Chapter 11 Section 1
Objectives
•
Contrast the resources and strategies of the
North and South.
•
Describe the outcomes and effects of the early
battles of the Civil War.
Northern Advantages
• Population 22 Million,
South 3.5 Million
whites, 5.5 million
slaves
• 85% of the nation’s
industry. NY alone outproduced the entire
south
• Southern slave system
slowed industrial
development
• The north had 20,000
miles of railroad track
while the south had
9,000
• The north had the
U.S. Navy, while the
south had no Navy to
start the war.
Southern Advantages
• They only had to play
defense
• They had excellent
military leadership
Southern Plan for Victory
• Capture Washington, D.C.
• Strike through the Shenandoah Valley
• Gain European support
Anaconda Plan
• Union plan for victory:
• 1: Capture Richmond,
the Confederate
capital.
• 2: Gain control of the
Mississippi River
• 3: Institute a naval
blockade of the south.
Lincoln’s War Strategy
• was initially to
preserve the Union
• was aimed at keeping
the four border
states in the Union,
even though they
allowed slavery. He
thought this was
crucial to winning the
war
The border states
did not join the
Confederacy.
They stayed in
the Union.
Early battles of the Civil War occurred in
three areas of the North American continent.
• The East—Manassas and later
Richmond, Virginia
• The Mississippi Valley—western
Kentucky, Tennessee, and then
Shiloh and the port
of New Orleans
• The Southwest—New Mexico
First Battle of Bull Run
• Lincoln ordered his
troops to march on
the Confederate
capital of Richmond
• They were met by
Confederate troops at
Manassas Junction
about 30 miles from
D.C.
• The Confederates held
the high ground and
were able to send the
Union troops running
back
• Bull Run convinced
people the war was not
going to be a quick and
easy affair
• Both sides began to train
and prepare more
seriously
The Battle of Shiloh
• General Grant defeated
the Confederates at Fort
Henry and Fort
Donelson, giving the
North control over
Tennessee and
Kentucky
Grant was marching towards
Mississippi when he met up with
Confederate General P.T.
Beauregard
• Grant was surprised
by the attack and his
troops were forced
back
• They were able to
regroup the next day
and their
counterattack was
able to defeat the
southerners
New Orleans
• Union control of the
Mississippi River
depended on taking
New Orleans
• Admiral David Farragut
attacked and took the
city
• The loss of its largest
and most profitable city
was a blow to southern
morale
• Both the North and the South were shocked by
the large number of dead and injured from the
battles.
Objectives
•
Contrast the resources and strategies of the
North and South.
•
Describe the outcomes and effects of the early
battles of the Civil War.