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Download A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865
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A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865 14.2 The Coming of Emancipation Slavery and the War • Wars cause revolutions – Slavery central part of Southern society – War will destroy it • Lincoln promotes Northern values – Preserving democracy & free labor • Lincoln ignores slavery in 1st year – Keep border states (2.6M W, 500K slaves) – Northern conservatives • Crittenden Resolution 1861 – Union has no intention of interfering with slavery Slavery Unraveling • Ignoring it ends by end of 1861 • Military treats slaves as contraband of war – Property of military value, subject to confiscation • To Blacks it’s a “freedom war” • Antislavery northerners insist emancipation necessary to weaken South’s ability to sustain war Steps Toward Emancipation • Aug. 61 Gen. Fremont frees slaves in MO • March 62 congress prohibits army from returning slaves & abolition in DC • 2nd Confiscation Act – freed slaves in Union occupied terr. & escaped to Union lines • Lincoln tries to get control 61-62 – Rescinds Fremont’s order – Gradual emancipation & colonization for border slaves Lincoln’s Decision • Understands emancipation a political & military necessity. • Sec. State W. Seward wait until a victory • 9/22/62 5 days after Antietam – Preliminary EP – Warned if South didn’t lay down arms by end of 1862 he would decree abolition. North Reacts • Bad • Dems gain seats in Fall elections • Rep. lose IN & IL govt’s, & lose Gov of NY The Emancipation Proclamation • • • • Jan. 1, 1863 Slaves in Confederate held terr. are free Excluded border states Jubilation – Free blacks & abolitionists (North) – “contrabands” & slaves (South) • Altered nature of the CW & US history Lincoln’s Change • • • • • No compensation or colonization Enlist black troops “The Great Emancipator” No longer just about preserving the Union Now about the transformation of the Southern way of life and redefining American freedom • Freed slaves would become part of America Enlisting Black Troops • • • • Radical provision in the EP 180,000 served in army 24,000 navy Most were emancipated slaves from South The Black Soldier • Service was a liberating experience – 130 will serve in office after war • Didn’t receive equal treatment are pay • Crucial role in winning war and defining war’s consequences 54th Massachusetts • July 18th 1863 attack Fort Wagner SC • Col. Robert Shaw“Negro troops” • Shaw & half of the 600 men killed. • Aug. 10th Frederick Douglass tells Lincoln Negro & white troops should be equal.