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Chapter 20
Notes
Mrs. Marshall
Europeans powers favored a civil
war in the US because it would
weaken the US’s power in the
Western Hemisphere.
Lincoln decided to send food and
medical supplies to Ft. Sumter.
P.T. Beauregard led attack on Ft.
Sumter which began the Civil War.
April 12, 1861
Gen. Anderson’s garrison was
forced to surrender.
Lincoln called for 75,000
volunteers for 3 months.
Border States
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland,
Delaware and then West Virginia
in 1863.
Martial Law
the system of rules that takes
effect when the military takes
control of the normal
administration of justice. It
reduces some of the personal
rights usually granted to citizens.
Advantages Border States gave
the Union
A
large population
 A good supply of horses and
mules
 Valuable manufacturing capacity
 Large navigable rivers
South was fighting a defensive
war. North was fighting an
offensive war.
Southern advantages when the
war began:
 Fighting
on land they were
familiar with and a cause they
dearly believed in
 Had the most talented military
leaders
 Southerners were better trained
soldiers
The South’s greatest weakness
was the economy. The North’s
economy was their greatest
strength.
Why South thought Great Britain
would come to their defense:
 the south supplied Britain with
75% of their cotton.
 Ruling class in Europe
sympathized with the
Confederates. Masses of working
people in Britain and France
supported the North.
Why Britain did not help the South:
 Britain
had large surpluses in
their warehouses
 Britain obtained some cotton
from confederate blockade
runners
 Some Union soldiers seized
cotton and shipped it to Britain
 Britain
bought cotton from
Egypt & India
 Britain needed wheat and
corn from the North
Trent Affair
2
confederate officials sailing on
the British ship the Trent to
England were seized by the US
Navy.
 England demanded their release
and threatened war.
 Lincoln ordered their release.
Commerce Raiding
a naval strategy of attacking an
opponent’s commercial shipping
rather than contending for command
of the sea with its naval forces.
 Naval raiders for the Confederacy
included the CSS Alabama, CSS
Sumter, and CSS Florida.
 Most were built in Britain

Emperor Napoleon III of France
dispatched army to occupy Mexico
City. Then made Maximilian
emperor of Mexico.
Violated Monroe Doctrine.
Abandoned attempt when Civil
War ended and US Sec. of State
Seward threatened to use force to
make France leave.

Northern armed forces:
 At
first it was by volunteers.
 In 1863 they passed a federal
conscription act (draft). People
of wealth avoided the draft by
paying someone $300 to serve in
their place.
Southern Armed Forces:
 Relied
on volunteers (would take
anyone between ages of 17 and
50)
 They resorted to conscription in
1852.
How did the North finance the war?
 Excise
taxes on tobacco and
alcohol
 Income tax
 Custom receipts (tariff)
 Printing of paper money
 Borrowing by the sale of bonds
During the war the Union launched
a new national banking system.
This was the first significant step
toward a unified banking network
since 1836. (Replaced in 1913 by
Federal Reserve)
South had tremendous difficult
financing the war.
 Blockade eliminated trade
therefore eliminating custom
duties
 Sold confederate bonds
 Increased taxes which was
protested by Southern state’s
righters
 Printed paper money
Role of women in the Civil War:
North
 Worked as clerks in government
offices
 Worked in industries
On both sides
 Helped raise money with bazaars and
fundraisers
 Served as nurses in hospitals