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Hello! Welcome to our unit on the Civil War! Please pay attention and take good notes. Everything you see on these slides is fair game for a quiz/test or other assessment. Student Taught! Students in each class will research and present a major part to the class. YOU will be the experts! You will have access to this PowerPoint and other resources. You will plan and practice your presentation in class, then teach the class on another day. You will receive a formative grade for your part in the presentation. You will be responsible for the information given in ALL OTHER presentations. Each student will receive a Civil War Summary Grid to help you study for the summative test. The summative test will be Wednesday, December 15. The Civil War April12, 1861( Fort Sumter)-April 9, 1865 (Appamattox) The war lasted 3 Years, 362 Days Part One The Leaders and Major Players Sam Houston Was governor at the time the Civil War began. Tried unsuccessfully to persuade Texans to stay in the Union. “To secede from the Union would cause war. If you go to war with the United States, you will never conquer her, as she has the money and the men. If she does not whip you by guns, powder and steel, she will starve you to death. It will take the flower of the country-the young men” Abraham Lincoln 16th President Elected in 1860 His election caused the South to secede Republican Against Slavery Assassinated on April 15, 1865, six days after the end of the Civil War Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy Democrat Supported Slavery General Ulysses S. Grant Head of the Union Army during the Civil War Defeated the South Later became President of the United States General Robert E. Lee Leader of the Confederate Army Surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 Part One Activity On your Civil War Summary page, list the major figures of the Civil War, and then describe what they did during that period of history. Part Two The Battles Major Civil War Battles in the U.S. Major Civil War Battles in the U.S. Ft. Sumter Bull Run Monitor -v- Virginia Antietam Fredericksburg Gettysburg Chattanooga Shiloh Vicksburg New Orleans Fort Sumter Fort Sumter, a federal fort located in Charleston Harbor, refused to surrender to the Confederates. President Lincoln made the decision to resupply the Fort, so the Confederacy decided to assault. On the 4:30 A.M. on the 12th of April 1861, the Confederates opened fire. The Civil War was officially “on”. Bull Run Union troops led by General McDowell advanced to where Confederate troops were dug in, blocking the road to Richmond, VA. Neither Confederate nor Union troops were ready for battle. (They both could have used Sam Houston here, huh?) Union troops advanced on Confederate troops, almost breaking through, but at the last moment, Confederate reinforcements arrived on the battlefield. Union troops were easily defeated. Vicksburg By 1863, the Confederate hold on the Mississippi River was limited to Vicksburg and Port Hudson. In a daring move, U.S. Grant, commanding the Union forces, sent his troops past Vicksburg and landed to the south of the city. Grant's troops then defeated the Confederate forces in five separate engagements. After a 6 week siege, Confederate forces surrendered. Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg took place around this small Pennsylvania town. In the first day of the battle, Confederate troops forced Union forces back, but lost many men. The second day, Confederates unsuccessfully attacked heavily fortified Union positions. The third day, Lee's forces attempted to attack the Union Center. The attack was called "Pickett's Charge". Less than half of the men involved in the charge returned. Gettysburg was the last time the Confederates attempted an attack on Union soil. Major Civil War Battles in Texas Galveston Island At GALVESTON ISLAND, Texans tried to retake the island from a Union blockade. They were successful, and maintained control of it until the war ended. This allowed supplies brought by boat to make it into Texas throughout the Civil War. Sabine Pass September 8, 1863, a Union flotilla (group of boats) of four gunboats and seven troop transports steamed into Sabine Pass and up the Sabine River. Fort Griffin's small force of 44 men forced the Union flotilla to retire and captured the gunboat Clifton and about 200 prisoners. The Confederates won the battle. Battle of Palmito Ranch On May 11, 1865, Union soldiers attacked Confederate outposts and camps. The Rebels hammered the Union line with artillery. The Texas Confederates attacked at Boca Chica at 4:00 AM, on the 14th. The Confederates won. This was the last battle in the Civil War. Part Two Activity On your Civil War Summary page, list the major U.S. battles, then list AND describe the three Texas Civil War battles. Part Three Effects of the Civil War On Texas Because no major battles were fought in Texas, the state did not suffer widespread destruction. The pain of the war was still felt, though, as many Texans left to fight. Shortage of supplies made life here difficult. An estimated 55,000 Texas men died during the Civil War. Causes were battles, disease, exposure, starvation, heat stroke, and murder. During the war, cotton either did not sell, or could not be exported. Local farmers began to grow wheat and corn to feed themselves and support the needs of the Confederate soldiers. Slavery/Refugees During the war, many slaves from the North were sent to Texas to avoid having them freed as the Union Army worked its way South. Thousands came, often with their owners. The Texas Population swelled with UNHAPPY refugees. Other Hardships Due to blockades, shoes and clothes could not reach the stores, so homemade clothes were used. (What if YOUR mom made ALL of your clothes by hand?) Medicine and hospital supplies were sent to the battles, so Texans used home-grown herbs instead. Paper was in short supply-ALL kinds. (Think about it…Yep… Even THAT kind.) Coffee was very hard to get, so Texans ground up ACORNS and CORN to brew as hot drinks. Sugar was scarce, so locally-harvested honey was used in its place. The Effect On Families… Part Three Activity On your Civil War Summary page, list and describe the ten major effects of the Civil War on Texas. Part Four U.S. Reconstruction 13th, 14th , 15th Amendments 13th: Abolished Slavery in the United States. 14th: Gave citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. 15th: Gave African American MEN the right to vote. (That’s right ladies…NO woman-white or African American- could vote) Emancipation Proclamation This decree freed all slaves in all Confederate states. Texas did not consider themselves to be under U.S. rule at this time, so they ignored the proclamation. On June 19, 1865, Union forces forced Texas to accept the new law, effectively freeing all slaves on that day. This day is now celebrated as Juneteenth in Texas. Freedmen’s Bureau Created by the U.S. Congress to help newly freed slaves adjust to free life. It provided food, shelter, and medicine. Helped people find jobs. Helped them in court as the slavery argument continued. Created schools for African Americans. Johnson’s Plan For Reconstruction Andrew Johnson became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth only days after the Civil War ended. Johnson was a Democrat who had supported the Union and also slavery. His plan had four parts: States had to end slavery. States had to declare their secession as an illegal act. States had to cancel all war debts. Adult white males had to pledge loyalty to the U.S. to get the right to vote. He also called for a new constitutional convention. Pre and Post-War Currency After Secession, the Confederacy printed its own currency. After the Civil War, that currency was worthless. During the war, prices for most goods sky-rocketed. In the South: CW-One dozen eggs: $6.00 Today- $1.00 CW-Gallon of milk: $48.00 Today-$3.00 CW-Pound of coffee:$12.00 Today-$4.00 Part Four Activity On your Civil War Summary page, describe the items listed. Part Five Texas and Reconstruction Texas Constitution of 1866 A series of Amendments. Ended slavery in Texas. Refused to adopt the 13th Amendment, making slavery illegal in the U.S. Also denied civil rights to African Americans. (Right to vote, etc.) Black Codes Texas enacted Black Codes. Made African Americans second-class citizens. African Americans were not allowed to vote, hold public office, or serve on a jury. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) An organization whose aim was to restore Democratic control of the South and keep slavery intact. Used violence and terrorism as their tactics. They were unsuccessful in keeping former slaves from registering to vote. Texas Constitution of 1869 Declared the Constitution of the United States the law. Did away with Black Codes. Accepted the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments. Texas is readmitted to the Union on March 8, 1870. Texas Constitution of 1876 Took away some of the power of the office of the governor and legislature. Set aside land grants for public education. Provide homestead and railroad grants. Still stands as our current constitution. Has been amended over 400 times! Part Five Activity On your Civil War Summary page, describe the items listed. http://www.whiteheaddna.com/miltry_recs/cvlwar/mil_cvlwar_map.html