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Download The 2nd Half of the Civil War
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The Civil War – Life Behind the Lines Tactics and Technology • Tactics – Based on European ways of fighting – Will slowly change with the new technology • Technology – Bullets and Rifles revolutionize war • More accurate, longer range – Shells, canisters Politics in the South • Draft – Southerners were not reenlisting – General Lee pushes for a draft • April 1862, Confederate Congress passes first draft law • White men from 18 to 35 required three year service • Exceptions – Owners of more than 20 slaves – Southerners wealthy enough to hire a substitute • State’s Rights – Income Tax – Seize Slaves • Seeking help from Europe – Needed to prove the South could win Politics in the North • Tensions with Great Britain – The Trent Affair almost causes war with British Canada • Republicans in control • Financial Measures – 1861, first federal income tax – Greenbacks • Emergency Wartime Actions – Martial Law – Draft • White males from 20 to 45 • Pay $300 to get out • Opposition to the War – Riots protesting draft – Copperheads – Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus • 13,000 imprisoned Emancipation and the War • Lincoln and slavery – Originally only wanted to preserve the Union – Did not think he had the right to abolish slavery – Ending slavery became a war strategy • The Emancipation Proclamation – January 1, 1863, slaves in areas of rebellion against the government would be free • Reaction to the Proclamation – – – – South angry, abolitionists feel not strong enough Northerners fear slaves would move north Support from Europe Allowed African Americans to serve in the military African-Americans Fight • Contraband – Slaves became property of the Union government – Government then freed them • African American Soldiers – Gained ability to fight after the proclamation – Originally in all black regiments under a white officer The Hardships of War • Southern Economy – Food production declines – Planters refused to stop growing cotton – Industry increased – Inflation • Northern Economy – Most northern industries were helped by the war – Women fill jobs – Profiteering • Prison Camps – Andersonville, Georgia The Hardships of War • Medical Conditions – Attempt to curve disease – Disease killed most of the people who died in the war – Clara Barton • Creates the Red Cross – The United States Sanitary Commission The Gettysburg Address • Dedication of cemetery to honor Union soldiers • November 19, 1863 • Edward Everett speaks • Lincoln speaks (2 minutes) • New definition of the United States The Gettysburg Address – Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. – Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. – But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Election of 1864 • Lincoln fears losing – Andrew Johnson named Vice-President candidate • Democrat from Tennessee • Democrats nominate George McClellan • With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln easily wins • Thirteenth Amendment – Passed in February of 1865 and ratified on December 6, 1865 – Ended slavery in the U.S. Election of 1864 Map Lincoln’s Assassination • John Wilkes Booth leads failed kidnapping plot • Booth leads plan to kill General Grant, Vice President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward, and President Lincoln • April 14, 1865 – Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. – Booth mortally wounds Lincoln • Died the next morning – Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia