Download Major battles and events

Civil War
Background to the Conflict
Pre-Civil War Days
Lesson 1. Differences Divide
North and South
Regional Differences
– North
More factories
People began moving to the cities to
work
Less people were farming
People from other countries moved to the
North
Population grew rapidly to over 19 million
PEOPLE!!!
Lowell Factory System Employs Young
women
The South
Farming remained the main way to earn a living
– Most were small one family farms
Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for
their own families
 Population was a lot smaller (11 million) than in the North
(19 million)
Plantation Life
– Huge plantations
Needed a lot of workers
Used slave labor
The Slave Economy
Many people began to turn
against slavery
Cost of owning slaves was
too high for most
Most slaves worked on
large plantations.
Very few white Southerners
could afford to own slaves.
“King Cotton”
Cotton was hard to prepare for market
– The little seeds had to be separated from the
cotton.
– This was very hard to do and took a LOT of
TIME
– Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin
Made cleaning cotton easier
Farmers grew more cotton and made more
money
Needed more slaves to work the cotton
North and South Disagree
States’ Rights
– South didn’t like depending on the North’s
manufactured goods
– Thought the North was getting RICH off of them
Slavery
– Settlers from the South who moved west took their
slaves
– Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and thought
slavery was wrong.
– WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in the new
territories or NOT???
Lesson 2. Africans in Slavery
and Freedom
Life Under Slavery
– Slave Codes
Laws for slaves
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Slaves could not leave owners’ land
Could not buy or sell goods
Not allowed to learn to read or write
Treated as property with very few
privileges
Coping with Slavery
– Spirituals
Formed close knit groups to help each other
Sang religious songs to give them strength
Overseers
Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if
they fell behind.
Fighting Back
Fighting Back
– Most resisted slavery ( act against)
– Quiet ways they resisted
Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let
boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like
they knew nothing about it at all
John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry
– A white abolitionist
– Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to slaves
– Caught, tried, and hanged
– Violent ways to resist
Nat Turner’s Revolt
– Led an attack killing 57 people
– He and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged
Running Away
Running Away
– Many chose to run away
– Found safe places to hide
Indians protected some
Hid in forest, swamps, and mountains
Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to
Mexico
Many were helped by the Underground Railroad
Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.
– Underground Railroad
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System of escape routes leading to freedom
Members were called conductors
Hiding places were called stations
Harriet Tubman was most famous
An escaped slave
Returned to the South over 20 times to help others
Free Africans
Not all Africans were slaves
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Some were former slaves freed by their owners
Others had bought their freedom
Some had escaped to freedom
Many lived in the cities where they had a better chance to work
Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because:
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Unwelcome in many places
Often treated unfairly
Had little freedom
Not allowed to vote or meet in groups
Could not attend school or have certain jobs
New Compromises
Henry Clay
– Worked hard to settle differences dividing the
nation.
– Congressman from Kentucky
– Free state: didn’t want slavery.
– Slave state: wanted slavery
– Everything was EVEN until Missouri became
a state.
The Missouri Compromise
Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state
This would make more slave states than
free.
Missouri would join as a slave state AND
Maine would join as a free state.
Imaginary line would be drawn through the
rest of the Louisiana territory
Solutions to the Problem
North of the line = Free States
South of the line = Slave states
Results of the Missouri
Compromise of 1820
Kept the peace for nearly 30 years
Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave
and 3 free….still equal in number
AND THEN along came…California
The Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN
California = Free
New Mexico and Utah territories= people
would decide
Fugitive Slave Law
A new law that said:
– Anyone caught helping slaves escape would
be punished.
– If you found a runaway slave, you had to
return them to their owner.
Hopes for Peace Fade
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Gave people living there the choice by
voting
Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to
be a free or slave state.
Tempers FLARED and over 200 people
were killed in the dispute
Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott Case
Supreme Court ruled that once a slave,
living in a free state, didn’t change that.
Said Scott had “none of the rights and
privileges” of American citizens
Also said Congress had no right to outlaw
slavery because the Constitution protects
people’s right to own PROPERTY and
slaves were PROPERTY!!!
Abraham Lincoln works for Change
Violence because of the KansasNebraska act got everyone’s
attention
Abraham Lincoln was against the
SPREAD of slavery
Republican Party formed to fight
the spread of slavery.
Lincoln ran for Senator
Stephen A. Douglas, author of
the Kansas-Nebraska Act, was
his OPPONENT! The battle is
ON………
Worried White Southerners
Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln
were elected, slavery would be outlawed.
Some even said they would LEAVE the
Union if Lincoln was elected.
Lincoln Elected President
November 6, 1860
December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders
seceded from the Union.
Later SIX other southern states seceded:
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Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
The Confederate States of America
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Louisiana
Alabama
Georgia
Texas
The
Conflict
Begins
Compromise,
Conflict and the first
Confrontation
Big Ideas
The South feared that the North would take
control of Congress, and Southerners began to
proclaim states’ rights as a means of selfprotection.
The North believed that the nation was a union
and could not be divided. While the Civil War did
not begin as a war to abolish slavery, issues
surrounding slavery deeply divided the nation.
Causes of Conflict
An important issue separating the country
related to the power of the Federal government.
– Southerners believed that they had the power to
declare any national law illegal.
– Northerners believed that the national government’s
power was supreme over that of the states.
– Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would
destroy their region’s economy.
– Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished
for moral reasons.
Compromises attempting to
resolve differences
Missouri Compromise (1820):
– Missouri was a slave state; Maine, a free
state.
Compromise of l850:
– California was a free state. Southwest
territories would decide about slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act:
– People decided the slavery issue (“popular
sovereignty”).
Picking Sides
States that Seceded:
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Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Border States
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Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
Free States
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California
Connecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
West Virginia (Western counties of
Virginia that refused to secede from the
Union)
Wisconsin
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Rating the North & the South
Battles of
the Civil
War
Fighting for
Control
Major battles and events
The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C., began the
war.
Major battles and events
The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
was the first major battle.
Battle of Bull Run
st
(1
Manassas),
July, 1861
Major battles and events
The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation
made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the
war. Many freed slaves joined the Union army.
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation in 1863
The North Initiates
the Draft, 1863
Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
Major battles and events
The Battle of Vicksburg divided the
South; the North controlled the
Mississippi River.
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Major battles and events
The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning
point of the war; the North repelled Lee’s
invasion.
Gettysburg Casualties
Sherman’s
March
through
Georgia
to the
Sea, 1864
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
Major battles and events
Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox
Court House in 1865 ended the war.
Influence of location and topography on
critical developments in the war
The Union blockade of southern ports (e.g.,
Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans)
Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Vicksburg)
Battle locations influenced by the struggle to
capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond;
Washington, D.C.)
Control of the high ground (e.g., Gettysburg)
Effects of
The War
War Effects
everyone… not just
the soldiers
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Effects of the War
General effects of the war
– Families and friends were often pitted against one another.
– Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly
equipped and clothed.
– Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war (e.g.,
burning of Atlanta and Richmond).
– Disease was a major killer.
– Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American Red
Cross.
– Combat was brutal and often man-to-man.
– Women were left to run businesses in the North and farms and
plantations in the South.
– The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate money
worthless.
Effects of the War on
African-Americans
African Americans fought in both the
Confederate and Union armies.
The Confederacy often used slaves as naval
crew members and soldiers.
The Union moved to enlist African American
sailors early in the war.
African American soldiers were paid less than
white soldiers.
African American soldiers were discriminated
against and served in segregated units under
the command of white officers.
Reunification
“I believe it to be the duty of
everyone to unite in the
restoration of the country and the
reestablishment of peace and
harmony.”
-Robert E. Lee
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination