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PREPARING FOR WAR
Chapter 16 Section 1
“…what ever may be the result of the contest,
I forsee that the country will have to pass
through a terrible ordeal.” –Robert E. Lee
Southern Views
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Believed they had
the right to leave
the union
“War for Southern
Independence”
Northern Views

Fighting to save the
union
Slave States Choose Sides
Slave States that Supported
the South
•
Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, Arkansas
•
NOTE: The western part of
Virginia favored the Union
and became West Virginia
in 1863.
Slave States that
Supported the North
•
Delaware, Kentucky,
Missouri, Maryland,
West Virginia
Southern
Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages
•
•
Defending Homeland
Excellent Military
training and skills
Disadvantages
Few Factories for war
supplies
• Few Railroads to move
supplies.
• Small Population
(note: 1/3 of the 9 million
population was
enslaved.)
•
Northern Advantages
Advantages
•
•
•
•
4 times as many free
citizens than the south.
Many volunteers for
growing food, working
in factories and making
supplies.
85% of INDUSTRY
Double the railroad
Strong Navy
Northern Disadvantages
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Disadvantages
To win the war, the
north had to
conquer a large
area.
Invading unfamiliar
land
President Jefferson Davis
•
•
•
•
West Point
graduate
Hero of Mexican
War
Secretary of War
under Franklin
Pierce
Courageous and
Honest
President Abraham Lincoln
•
•
•
•
Little Political and
Military Experience
Yet, he became
Strong Leader, Fine
War Planner
The North’s
greatest advantage
Sense of humor
Confederate or Union
Army?
•
•
When South seceded, officers from the south had
to decide if they wanted to fight for the Union or
Confederate Army.
Robert E. Lee- Commander of the Confederate
Army
Lincoln’s Inaugural
Address

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“I have no purpose, directly or
indirectly, to interfere with the
institution of slavery in the states were
it exists.”
Preserve the Union
We are not enemies but friends, We
must be friends.”
He believed slavery to be doomed
Confederate Strategy

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South took a defensive position
they did not have to win the war
Depended on King Cotton to help win
foreign aid
Later in the war South invaded the
North to get BIG victories
Union Strategy
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Offensive strategy
Called the Anaconda Plan
by Gen. Winfield Scott
Designed to smother S. economy
Naval blockade
Control Miss. River
1st Bull Run/Manassas
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1st land battle of war
Was in Virginia, just south of D.C.
7/21/1861
N. named battles after nearest creek
S. named battles after nearest town
Going to a picnic

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Bull Run-Manassas Va
First True battle of the war
What could go wrong- goes
wrong!!!
"You are green, it is true, but
they are green also; you are
all green alike."
Troop movements
Supplies
Confederates show up
wearing Blue uniforms
25 miles from Washington
"There stands Jackson like a stone
wall! Rally behind the Virginians”
July 21st 1861
Union troops -28,000
Confederate Troops-32,000
Casualties-2,800(U) to 1,900(C)
No more ninety day
enlistments
Lincoln asks for 3 years
enlistments
1st Bull Run/Manassas

Gen Thomas Jackson rallies Confederate
troops gets nicknamed Stonewall Jackson

Confederate Victory could have captured
D.C.

The first battle was an important
Confederate victory. Manassas shows that
the war was going to be very long and
difficult for both sides.
What was needed
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An army of 100,000One wagon for every 40 men
one horse or mule for every 2-3 men
That means---2,500 wagons, 35,000 animals
600 tons of supplies
Winfield Scott is out!!!!!
May 1861-McClellan comes to the
rescue!! at 34 never known defeat—man
of destiny-little Napoleon
Case of the Slows
Ft. Henry and Donelson
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Tenn. River and
Cumberland River
Joint navy and army
maneuvers
U.S. Grant gets things
done Feb 1862
Unconditional
surrender
Capture the rivers and
trade that goes with it
"I mean to be whipped or to whip
my enemy, and not be scared to
death"
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David Farragut was
the commander-inchief of the U.S. Navy
during the American
Civil War.
He is remembered for
his famous order at the
Battle of Mobile Bay,
"Damn the torpedoes,
full speed ahead!“
Captures New Orleans
April 1862
"A Very Bloody Affair“
April 1862
Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing)
Union Victory
"You can hear the screams
of the injured. They
screamed for water, God
heard them for the
heavens opened and the
rain fell."
Union –13000 dead
Conf.-10,500 dead
Conf.Com. Johnston is
killed bled to death
Sunken Road-Hornets nest
Back to the East
Things are not going well for the
Union
Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland

Bloody battle in Maryland resulted in a tie and
Robert E. Lee’s army has to retreat back into
Virginia. Lee attacked the north because he
needed a victory on northern soil.
The Bloodiest Day of the Civil War"
The Battle of Antietam
Confederate Losses
Union Losses
Killed-1,512
Killed--2,108
Wounded--7,816
Wounded--9,549
Captured/Missing--1,844
Captured/Missing--753
Cornfield-West Woods

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Morning Phase-one regiment lost 242
out of 310 men in about 12 minutes
Stonewall Jackson v. Hooker

"In the time I am writing,"
Hooker reported, "every stalk of
corn in the and greater part of
the field was cut as closely as
could have been done with a
knife, and the slain lay in rows
precisely as they had stood in
their ranks a few moments
before."
1862 Antietam
September 17th

Sunken Road --Midday phase
"Bloody Lane.“
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Union officers who viewed the bodies of
the Confederates in the sunken road
stated that the lane was completely
covered•4x’s
with
bodies
as casualties
far as the eye
the number
of D-day
could see. This sunken road became
known from this day forward as "Bloody
Lane.“
They found one body with 57 bullet holes.
Antietam
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One of the few battles of the Civil War were
the generals chose the battle site. Orders 191
6,000 dead --another 17,000 wounded
4x’s the number of D-day casualties
More than all of the War of 1812, Mexican
war, and Spanish American War combined
1/3 of Lee’s troops 30,000 became casualties
McClellan does not press the attack
Emancipation Proclamation
 “Fellow citizens, we cannot escape
history,….The fiery trail through which we
pass, will light us down, in honor and
dishonor, to the latest generation…..The
dogmas of the quiet past , are inadequate
to the stormy present…. In giving freedom
to the slave, we assure freedom to the
free….We disenthrall ourselves , and then
we save our country” p.563
Emancipation Proclamation
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Congress requires West Virginia to
abolish slavery as a requirement to
enter Union
New Year’s Day-1863-not an act to bring
the slaves to revolt.
Sanctioned the enlistment of the Black
soldier and sailor into the Union Army
Regular army never enrolled black soldiers

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It freed the
slaves only in
states that have
seceded from the
Union.
It did not free
slaves in border
states.
Reasons for the
Emancipation Proclamation
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The war was going bad for the
North.
Lincoln needed a way to turn things
around
He thought that freeing the slaves
in the South would help bring about
that change
Effects

The war, and the Emancipation
Proclamation effected the
North and the South.
The end of Slavery

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As a result of
Abraham Lincoln’s
decision. African
slaves now had
their freedom.
They were no
longer owned like
property.
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The Emancipation Proclamation freed
the slaves in most Southern states.
It didn't free slaves in the border
states of Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland,
Delaware, and West Virginia, or in
southern states under Union control.

Many African American men joined the
Union forces and fought in the Civil
War.

The proclamation gained international
support for the Union forces,
especially from Great Britain and
France. Both of these countries had
already abolished slavery.

Slavery wasn't completely abolished
until 1865 when the 13th Amendment
to the Constitution was ratified.