Download Reconstruction - Effingham County Schools

Reconstruction
Reconstruction 1865-1872
• A time of major change in the state following the
devastation of the Civil War
• Georgia was decimated after Sherman’s March
and 4 years of fighting.
• >40,000 Georgians had been killed or wounded
• Many Georgians lost their land completely
• US will attempt to reconstruct the South using 3
different
Reconstruction Plans.
– Presidential Reconstruction
– Congressional Reconstruction
– Military Reconstruction
Page 108- LH assignment
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Freedmen’s Bureau
Sharecropping
Tenant Farming
13th Amendment
Black Codes
• 14th Amendment
• Ku Klux Klan
• 15th Amendment
1.Use the books to copy the definition
2.Write a sentence using the word
3. Colored Picture
Presidential Reconstruction
• The first of 3 plans (1865-1866)
• President Johnson
– Native of Tennessee
– Remained loyal to the union during the War
– Very lenient with the southern
• His plan was based on Lincoln’s 10% plan
– Southern states could rejoin the Union if 10% of their
population swore allegiance to the US
– Required to Ratify the 13th amendment
Georgia’s 1866 Constitution Convention
• Repealed the Ordnance of
Session
• Passed the 13th Amendment
• Banned Interracial marriages
• Alexander Stephens to Congress
• Georgia was readmitted into the
Union in December of 1865 due
to passing the 13th Amendment
Temporary
Congressional Upset
• Republicans in Congress were upset that
Confederate leaders were given congressional
positions.
– Alexander Stephens
Radical Republicans- favored harsher treatment
for the Confederate Southern States.
• Accused Johnson of abusing power
• Began his impeachment process
Black Codes & the 14th Amendment
• Black Codes were enforced in the south
– Laws that did not allow blacks to vote, testify
against whites in court, or serve as jurors.
• Radical Republicans were appalled at the
treatment of freedmen.
• As a result congress introduced the 14th
Amendment
– Made blacks citizens of the US and required
them to be given same rights as all other
citizens.
Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1867
•Congress sends southern representatives home
•require passage of the 14th amendment
• Georgia refused to ratify the
14th Amendment
• Placed under authority
of congress as a result
– Georgia eventually ratified the 14th
amendment on 21 July 1868
Reconstruction Act of 1867—
Lumped the South into 5 Military Districts.
Georgia is a part of the 3rd Military District
directed by John Pope
Military Reconstruction
• 3rd district was under command of General John
Pope (1st Military Governor)
– Georgia, Alabama, and Florida
• Pope registered Georgia's eligible
voters:
– Whites 95,214
– Blacks 93,457
• Election held for Constitutional Representatives
– Republicans and 37 African Americans were elected
Constitutional Convention of Atlanta
December 1867 - March 1868
• New constitution created
– Provisions for black voting
– Free Public schools
– Moved the Capital to Atlanta
– gave wives control of their property
– increased the governor's term to four years
After the Convention..
• Rufus Bullock was elected Governor
• General Assembly began its session
– Republican controlled
• Military presence remained in Georgia
– To monitor KKK
• 1870- Georgia remitted to the Union when the republicans
and black legislators passed the 15th Amendment
– African American men the right to vote
• 1872- Southern Democrats “redeemers” voted back into
office
– Governor and General Assembly
Freedmen's Bureau
• Created to help Freedmen adjust to freedom
– Black and poor whites
– Fed, clothed, and sheltered
• Helped build the freedmen’s schools and
hospitals
• Supervised labor contracts
• Created the first public school program for
either blacks or whites in Georgia
– Set stage for modern public school system
– Clarke Atlanta University and Morehouse College
Ku Klux Klan
• Organized in 1866 by Confederate
veterans to resist reconstruction
efforts.
– Made up of southern Democrats
• Used terror to keep freedmen
from using their rights.
– To intimidate white republican and
blacks
• The violence kept federal troops
in Georgia to protect blacks.
Page 112 Left-Hand
Use CRCT book P. 87 &93
Ku Klux Klan
Created by?
Why established?
Who did it help &
harm?
What did it do?
Impact on
Georgians?
Freedmen’s
Bureau
Changes in Agriculture
• After the war the plantation owners and
freedmen still needed each other to grow
crops.
• Federal Currency was not available to pay the
workers as there were no longer slaves.
• Freedmen were paid as sharecroppers and
tenant farmers to work the fields.
Sharecropping
• Landowners provided
land, housing, seed, tools,
farm animals and fertilizer.
• Workers gave a
percentage of their crop
to the owners in return.
• They often owed more to
the owner than they could
get for their crop.
• Debt meant they may
never be able to buy their
own land.
Old sharecroppers house
Tenant Farming
• Tenants (farmers) rented the
land but owned much of their
own tools, animals and seed.
• Easier to make a profit but
was very risky if crops
failed.
• Some tenant farmers lost what
they owned and turned to
sharecropping.
• Tenant farmers were a
higher social class than
sharecroppers.
LH page 114
Create a Double Bubble Map
Compare and contrast:
Sharecropping
And
Tenant Farming
Black Legislators
• 32 black legislators were elected to the
Georgia General Assembly in 1867
– After military reconstruction helped register eligible
voters.
• Henry McNeal Turner was the most
prominent.
Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915)
• Born in South Carolina
• 1853- began preaching
– Traveled through the south
– After the civil war traveled through
Georgia converting freedmen
• 1867- helped organize the Republican Party in Ga
– Elected to the 1867 Constitutional Convention
• He promoted land ownership, voting rights and
education for blacks.
• White democrats expelled him and other elected
blacks from office in1869.
The End of Reconstruction
• Northerners began to tire of protecting African
American rights in the South.
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was very difficult and
expensive to maintain.
• Rutherford B. Hayes promised to remove U.S. troops
from the South if elected in 1876.
• He won and federal troops left the South in 1877
effectively ending Reconstruction.