Download The Civil War

The Civil War
An Interactive Slide Show
Bombardment of Ft. Sumter,
Charleston Harbor
Ft. Sumter
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2/1861: 7 states have seceded. Jefferson Davis has
been elected president of the CSA.
3/1861: Lincoln is inaugurated. Only 2 southern forts
remain under Union control, including Ft. Sumter.
4/6/1861: Lincoln informed South Carolina officials that
he intended to resupply Ft. Sumter.
4/12/1861: Confederate forces open fire on the fort
before the supplies can arrive. After 33 hours, the Union
commander of the fort surrendered on April 14.
Lincoln issues a call for troops to put down the rebellion
of the Confederate states. Volunteers head towards
Washington, D.C.
Ft. Sumter Activity
Answer the following from the point of view of the
individuals in the picture:
 What are you doing? Why are you attacking that
fort?
 What dangers do you face? Have you ever
experienced war? What do you expect will happen?
 Do you expect to win this battle? To win the entire
war? Why?
 Why are you fighting your fellow countrymen? How
does that make you feel?
Map of the United States,
1861
Map of the United States,
1861
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Arkansas, Tennessee, N. Carolina, and Virginia
secede after Ft. Sumter. Maryland, Kentucky, and
Missouri remained in the Union.
To silence secessionists in Maryland, Lincoln
suspended Habeus Corpus, arresting and jailing
them without a trial.
Choosing sides was especially difficult for Southern
military officers, such as Robert E. Lee. “I cannot
raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my
children.”
Map of the United States,
1861
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Northern advantages: larger population, controlled
75% of nation’s wealth, 81% of factories, 67% of
farms, 66% of rail lines.
Southern advantages: strong support for the war,
fighting in familiar territory, superior military
leadership
Northern strategy: blockade the southern coast,
gain control of the Mississippi River, capture
Richmond, the CSA capital.
Southern strategy: defend homeland, hold onto as
much territory as possible until the Union gets sick
of fighting.
Gloom in the North
Caption:
“Shall it come to that?”
Left: Lincoln
Right (in stroller):
General McClellan
Gloom in the North
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July, 1861: Union loses the first major battle of the war,
The Battle of Bull Run/Manassas. Lincoln hires George
McClellan to head the Army of the Potomac (Union army
in East).
June, 1862: McClellan’s troops are forced to retreat after
an unsuccessful attempt to take Richmond.
September, 1862: Davis orders Lee to take the offensive,
and move into Maryland. Union soldiers discover Lee’s
battle orders and are ready. The Battle of Antietam is the
bloodiest single day of the war.
Lee retreats, and McClellan is ordered to follow him and
“destroy the rebel army.” When he refuses, he is
replaced by Ambrose Burnside.
Gloom in the North, Activity
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Study the picture to
the right. Lincoln is
on the left, and
McClellan is on the
right. They are in
McClellan’s tent at
Antietam.
Imagine that the battle
has just ended. What
are they saying to
each other?
The Emancipation
Proclamation
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Lincoln writing the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
His left hand rests on
a Bible, that is on top
of a copy of the
Constitution
What do you notice?
How would you
analyze the symbols
in this image?
The Emancipation
Proclamation
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After the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln declared that
on Jan. 1, 1863, he would sign a proclamation
freeing all slaves in rebel territory. He says of his
decision, “The time came when I felt that slavery
must die that the nation might live.”
Though the proclamation freed no one (Lincoln had
no power to emancipate the slaves of the CSA), it
changed everything. The war became a crusade
for freedom. After signing the document, Lincoln
said, “If my name ever goes into history, it will be for
this act, and my whole soul is in it.”
African Americans in the War
African Americans in the War
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In 1863, Lincoln ordered Union recruiters to
accept African American soldiers. 215,000
black troops join the Army and Navy, more than
half of whom were fugitive slaves.
The most famous of the black units was the 54th
Massachusetts regiment, under the command of
Robert Gould Shaw (subject of the movie,
Glory: see clip).
Over half of the regiment was wounded,
captured or killed at an attack on Ft. Wagner
near Charleston, SC. Their bravery won
respect for African American troops.
African Americans in the War
Answer the following from the point of view of the
individuals in the picture:
 What are you doing here? Are you from the
North or the South?
 Why have you chosen to fight for the Union?
What do you expect will happen to you when
you reach the South?
 What are your goals in this war?
 What problems do you face as a soldier? Are
you willing to fight despite discrimination?
Women in the War:
What do you see them doing?
Women in the War
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Women took on new responsibilities while the men were
away at war: they became teachers, office workers, sales
clerks, and government workers. They worked in factories
and on farms.
To help the soldiers, they made bandages, blankets, and
ammunition. They collected food, clothing, medicine and
money.
Many women worked as nurses, including Dorthea Dix,
Clara Barton, and Sally Tompkins. Others worked as
spies, including Harriet Tubman, Rose Greenhow, and
Loretta Velazquez.
In the North, life remained much the same. In the South
however, where most of the fighting took place, goods
were scarce, and crops, homes, and whole cities were
destroyed.
Gettysburg, the Turning Point
Gettysburg, The Turning Point
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In June, 1863, Lee began moving North. The new
Union commander, General Meade, was told to protect
Washington and Baltimore from attack.
The two armies met on July 1 near Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania. The Union took the high ground (day
one).
On day two, Lee sought to take the hills on either side of
the Union line (the “round tops”). The Confederate Army
took Big Round Top, and then headed towards Little
Round Top.
Little Round Top was protected by the 20th Maine
Regiment, headed by Joshua Chamberlain. The
Confederate soldiers were held back 5 times. Out of
ammunition, Chamberlain ordered a bayonet charge.
They hold the hill. See clip from “Gettysburg.”
Gettysburg, The Turning Point
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On the third day of battle, Lee ordered General
George Pickett to lead a charge into the center of the
Union line. They are ordered to march without
shooting until they reach the Union line.
Pickett’s Charge was a huge failure. Lee’s army
would never again reach so far into Northern
territory. Pickett says of Lee “That old man had my
division slaughtered.”
1/3 of the 51,000 soldiers at Gettysburg were lost.
There were 23,000 Union casualties and 28,000
Confederate casualties.
Gettysburg, the Turning Point:
Activity
On November 19, 1863, President
Lincoln delivered a short speech to
dedicate a national cemetery on the
Gettysburg battlefield.
 Read the Gettysburg Address on page
618 of your book.
 In what ways could this speech have
boosted morale in the North?
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Sherman’s March
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What do
you see?
What
emotions
are
conveyed
by this
painting?
Sherman’s March
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Total War: War on all aspects of the enemy’s life.
While Union commander Ulysses S. Grant was camped outside
of Richmond at Petersburg, William T. Sherman was given the
task to wage total war on the South.
He started by taking Atlanta in the summer of 1864. After
burning the city to the ground, he and his 62,000 men marched
towards the seaport of Savannah.
The Army was to live off the land and burn anything that was
useful to the Confederacy. The men tore up railroad tracks,
burned fields and stole food. They were ordered to leave the
homes alone, but this order wasn’t enforced.
Sherman’s march resulted in $100 million worth of damage over
425 miles of territory. After reaching Savannah, Sherman
headed North to meet up with Grant, traveling through the
Carolinas.
Viewing without Context
Andersonville Prison Camp
Appomattox Courthouse
The Home
of
Wilmer
McLean
Listen to
his
story…
Appomattox Courthouse
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April 7, 1865: Grant writes to Lee, asking him to
surrender.
April 8, 1865: Lee meets with his officers. His army
is surrounded at Appomattox 5 to 1.
April 9, 1865: Lee sends a letter of surrender under
a white flag to Grant.
Terms of Surrender: Confederate officers can keep
their side arms, and horses. Grant gave Lee 25,000
rations for the starving Confederate troops.
On May 10, Jefferson Davis was captured by Union
forces. The War was over.
Lincoln: Before and After.
What are the differences between
these two photos?
Lincoln: Before and After
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On March 4, 1865, Lincoln was sworn in as president for the
second time. After his inaugural address, he said “I am a
tired man. Sometimes I think I am the tiredest man on
earth.”
Lincoln had dealt with a lot in his first term as president:
running the government, and the war; going through six
different Union commanders; public criticism for the war;
death threats from secessionists; the death of his son,
Willie, in 1862; his wife’s mental illness.
On April 14, 5 days after Lee’s surrender, Lincoln and his
wife went to Ford’s Theater in D.C. to see the play “Our
American Cousin.” He was shot in the head by John Wilkes
Booth, a Southern sympathizer, and died the next morning.
Booth was trapped and shot on April 26.
Lincoln: Before and After
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How do you think Lincoln would have responded to
the following questions:
Mr. President, did you dream come true?
What should happen to your assassin? Why?
You lived to see the end of the war, but you have not
seen the Union reunited. How do you feel about
that?
If you could have lived out your term in office, how
would you have treated the South?
If you had three wishes, what would they be?