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The Union vs. The Confederate
States of America
The Union (USA)
• The North
• Blue
• President: Abraham
Lincoln
• Capital:
Washington, DC
• Commander(s):
George McClellan;
Ulysses S. Grant
* GOAL: preserve the
Union
The Confederate States
of America
(The Confederacy)
• The South
• Grey
• President:
Jefferson Davis
•Capital:
Richmond, Va.
•Commander:
Robert E. Lee
•GOAL: preserve states’
rights
Goal 3
The Civil War
1861-1865
The Union vs. The Confederate
States of America
The Union (USA)
• The North
• Blue
• President: Abraham
Lincoln
• Capital:
Washington, DC
• Commander(s):
George McClellan;
Ulysses S. Grant
* GOAL: preserve the
Union
The Confederate States
of America
(The Confederacy)
• The South
• Grey
• President:
Jefferson Davis
•Capital:
Richmond, Va.
•Commander:
Robert E. Lee
•GOAL: preserve states’
rights
Advantages
Southern Advantages
Confederate
• Profits from “King Cotton”
provided money for the war
effort.
• Great military leaders & a
strong military tradition
• Fight a defensive was on
familiar grounds
• Soldiers fighting for a “cause”
who were highly motivated
(survival)
Northern Advantages
Union
• Larger population so more
fighting power (22 million)
• Resources such as coal and iron
• Manufactures and labor to
produce war goods
• More food production
• Establish Navy
• Extensive railroad system to
transport goods and troops
• Lincoln was a skilled leader.
Anaconda Plan
The Union (General Winfield Scott) devised a
three part plan to conquer the South:
1. Blockade Southern ports so the South could
not export or import;
2. Control the Mississippi River to cut the
Confederacy in half;
3. Sought to isolate and divide the
Confederacy to capture the capital at
Richmond, Va.
Major Battles
• Ft. Sumter – considered the spark of the Civil
War
• First Bull Run – considered the first “official”
battle of the Civil War
• Shiloh- proved the war would be a long one
• Antietam – bloodiest single-day battle of the war
• Gettysburg – considered the turning point of the
war
• Vicksburg- effectively cut the Confederacy in two
• Appomattox – site of the surrender of Lee to
Grant
Fort Sumter
• The Confederacy fired on Fort Sumter, in the harbor
of Charleston, SC on April 12-13, 1861
• These were the first shots fired of the Civil War
• It was
considered a
Southern
victory
• Lincoln called
for volunteers
to fight in the
war
Battle of Bull Run
• The Battle of Bull Run was
fought on July 21, 1861 in
Virginia
• Aka ‘First Manassas’
• Confederacy led by Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson (he stood
firm against the Union like a
“stone wall”)
• The South won!
• This was a major morale boost
• Lincoln responded called in
more troops, replace General
McDowell with George B.
McClellan
Shiloh
• The Battle of Shiloh was fought on April 7, 1862 in
Tennessee (considered a “western” battle)
• It is significant because it showed the importance of
sending out scouts, digging trenches, and building
forts
• The battle was a draw,
but is considered a
Confederate loss.
•Two day battle killing
25,000 soldiers
•North and South
horrified
Antietam
• The Battle of Antietam was fought on September
17, 1862 in Antietam, Maryland.
• Gen. McClellan aware of Gen. Lee’s plan;
• It was the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S.
History. (more than 23,000 men)
• Northern victory
• Lincoln fired General George McClellan because
he was too cautious.
– Lee’s army slipped away to fight another day.
Gettysburg
• The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1-3,
1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• This is considered the turning point of the war.
After this defeat, the South never attempted a
northern invasion again.
• 51,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing this
was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.
• Four months later, the Gettysburg Address was
delivered by President Lincoln to honor all those
who fought and died on this battlefield.
The Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met
on a great battlefield of that war. We have come
to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives
that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting
and proper that we should do this.
Gettysburg Address Con’t
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we
cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will
little note, nor long remember what we say here,
but it can never forget what they did here. It is
for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to
the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced.
Gettysburg Address Con’t
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
great task remaining before us—that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to
that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion—that we here highly
resolve that these dead shall not have died in
vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a
new birth of freedom— and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.
Vicksburg
• The Battle of Vicksburg was fought on July
4, 1863. It was actually a siege of
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
• Union victory
• The Union successfully carved the
Confederacy in two as a result of this
victory. (Anaconda Plan)
Map of Siege of Vicksburg
Appomattox Courthouse
• On April 9, 1865, Southern General Robert
E. Lee surrendered to Union General
Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse, Virginia.
• This effectively ended the Civil War
Slavery as a War Aim
• Slavery did not become a war aim until 1863.
• The Union feared that Britain would join on the
side of the South if they did not include abolition
as a war aim.
• The Emancipation Proclamation was issued as a
military decree freeing all slaves in rebelling
territories. No slave was emancipated, however,
until the end of the war with the passage of the
13th Amendment.
– Abolished slavery in the United States
54th Massachusetts Regiment
• An all-African American regiment that was formed in
Massachusetts
• Served in the Union Military
• This regiment is famous for its attack on Fort Wagner
during the war. The commander Robert G. Shaw led his
men into battle in Charleston harbor.
• Shaw and many were killed, however, the 54th earned
respect for its discipline and courage in battle.
– Congressional Metal of Honor
• This battle was the subject of the movie Glory.
William T. Sherman
•
•
•
•
•
May – December, 1864
“March to the Sea”
Union commander that believed in total war
Tennessee –Georgia
Marched through the South destroying
everything in his path in an effort to break the
will of the South
– Railroad tracks, buildings, bridges, private
homes
Map of Sherman’s March to the
Sea
Effects of the Civil War
• Industrial boom in the North that
established the United States as a global
economic power
• African Americans migrated in western
and northern territories
• Greater unity among the nation’s
regions
• Assertion of federal authority
Civil War: Important Points
• Causes of the Civil War (the
expansion of slavery was a
KEY issue)
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
significance
• Underground RR & Harriet
Tubman
• Dred Scott case significance
• Significance of KansasNebraska Act
• Southern reaction to
Lincoln’s election
• Southern
advantages/Northern
advantages
• Robert’s E. Lee’s choice to
lead the South
• Anaconda Plan
• Why McClellan was fired
• Significance of ALL the
battles
• Goal of Lincoln in the Civil
War
• Purpose of the Gettysburg
Address
• Purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation
• General William T. Sherman
• Effects of the Civil War
Life During the Civil War: North
• To help meet the costs of war, the Union government
added an income tax of 3% on all income per $800 per
year.
• The tax was increased over time.
• The Union also raised tariffs.
• The largest source of funds for the war came from
government bonds.
• Legal Tender Act of 1862 (government could print
greenbacks-paper money)’
• Homestead Act, 1862- encouraged settlement of
western lands by granting land at a very low cost to
those who would farm it.
Life During the Civil War: North
• 1863,to meet the unending demand for
new troops, the North passed a
conscription law (draft).
• To avoid the draft, a white man (ages2545) could pay $300 and hire a
replacement. This led to the phrase, “a
rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”.
• Anger over the draft, riots broke out in
protest. The New York Draft Riot of 1863
lasted for 4 days.
Life During the Civil War: North
• Copperheads, or Peace Democrats,
formed opposing Lincoln’s handling of the
war and demanding an end to the war.
• President Lincoln suspended the
constitutional right of habeas corpus (can’t
be held in jail without a formal charge).
Lincoln gave the military the right to arrest
people suspected of disloyalty to the
Union, criticized the President, and those
who participated in draft riots.
Lincoln and the Copperheads
Life During the Civil War: South
• South lacked the resources to meet the
economic demands of war.
• Blockade Runners (swift ships) tried to break the
blockade of the southern coast in an effort to
survive.
• President Jefferson Davis authorized the printing
of paper money with nothing backing it except
the government’s promise to pay.
• Inflation and a shortage of food led to rioting in
the South.
Life During the Civil War: South
• Mary Boykin Chestnut of South Carolina
kept a diary that has become a famous
record of one experience of the war in the
South.
• The Confederate government enacted
conscription laws, seized private property
to help raise troops, and suspended
habeas corpus.
• Southerns responded called for Davis’s
impeachment.
Women in the War
• Many took over family businesses, farms,
or plantations.
• By the end of the war, women led the role
of teaching
• Some join the spouse in war to cook and
laundry
• Most notable military role: nursing
• Clara Barton worked as a nurse in the war.
This led to the formation of the Red Cross.
Clara Barton
Election of 1864
Impact of the War
• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
• The assassination of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes
Booth
• Mathew Brady- war photographer
• Land Grant College Act- gave money from the sale of
public lands to states for the establishment of
universities that taught agriculture
• Tariff passed to protect industrialization
• Southern landscape was shattered.
• Migration west
• Freedmen’s Bureau- federal relief agency – providing
clothing, medical attention, meals, education, land to
freed blacks and poor whites
Mathew Brady’s Photographs