* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Civil War Unit - Springfield Public Schools
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Kentucky in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Perryville wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Stones River wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Port Royal wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Appomattox Station wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Malvern Hill wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fredericksburg wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Harpers Ferry wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Donelson wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
Second Battle of Corinth wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Island Number Ten wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Western Theater of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Siege of Vicksburg wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Civil War Unit U.S. History Mr. Dunn Causes of War 1. Tarriffs - - Enacted to protect northern factories Made manufactured goods more expensive for southern farmers. Source of friction in congress and in the general public Causes of War 2. Slavery vs Free Labor - separate ways of looking at life - different core values - north relied on cheap immigrant labor - south relied on free slave labor Causes of War 3. Control of Congress - Series of Compromises were developed to calm both sides – like a Band-Aid covering an infected wound. - Compromise of 1850 - Kansas – Nebraska Act - Missouri Compromise - Crittenden Compromise - 3/5 Compromise - Fugitive Slave Act Causes of War 4. The election of Lincoln - Last straw for the south - Even though Lincoln said he would not outlaw slavery in his campaign, southern states didn’t trust him Importance of the 1st Shot • Lincoln did not want to “start” the war – Northern opposition to war – It was fine if he were “drug into” war • Border States – Needed to keep Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware in the Union • Occupation of Maryland – Surrounds Washington, D.C. on 3 sides Fort Sumter • First “Battle” of the Civil War – Union Ships tried to resupply the fort. – Confederate forces fired on the fort to prevent the resupply effort • 34 hour bombardment • Union surrenders the fort when supplies run out • No casualties on either side – The war was on!!! Secession • When Lincoln moved to re-supply Fort Sumter – S. Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas seceded from the Union. • When Lincoln called for Federal Troops following Ft. Sumter, Arkansas, N. Carolina, Tennessee & Virginia seceded. Confederate and Union Resources and Positions Northern Position – Start of War • Slavery tolerated and legal • Preserve Union • Population advantage – 2.1 million serve in military during war • Factory capacity – 110,000 factories with numerous facilities that could produce weapons, railroad track and locomotives. • Wealth – 81% of nations banks located in the north • Aided in financing the war • Had to fight offensive war – Unfamiliar territory • Poor Military Leadership – Generals were inexperienced or incompetent or both Southern Position • Slavery is common and is supported by the majority of society • Fought to preserve Slavery • Sparse population - 8.5 million with 4 million slaves – 800,000 men serve in the military during the war • Factory Capacity – 10,000 factories with 1 foundry with the ability to manufacture weapons, railroads and locomotives • Able to fight defensive war – Familiar territory – Defending own homes • Excellent Military Leadership – Experienced, battle hardened commanders War Strategies - North • Anaconda Plan – Based on region’s geography • Divide south at Appalachian mountains • Control Mississippi River and capture western ports • Blockade south on the east and the south • Capture Richmond – Totally cut off the south from the outside world – Destroy transport hubs – War of attrition War Strategies - South • Invade the North and Capture Washington – Gain support from Europe if they could show that the south could win – Shatter Northern Morale by capturing capitol – Use cotton as leverage to get help from Europe – Speedy Conclusion Opposition to the War South Conscription – also known as the draft Mostly the poor whites were drafted – the large plantation owners were granted exemptions (were excused from the draft) – this caused widespread anger in poor southerners North Carpetbaggers – Southern sympathizers who made speeches and wrote articles in the north that were in support of the south’s war effort It became such a problem for Lincoln that he suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus and imprisoned copperheads without trial 1st Bull Run • 1st major land battle of the civil war • War as a spectator sport – Stonewall Jackson rallies confederate troops – First use of the rebel yell – Considered Confederate Victory – Over 4,000 casualties Eastern Theatre • Peninsula Campaign – Gen. McClellan moved troops from D.C. to Richmond – Series of small battles that end in an attempted siege of Richmond – Confederate Forces were able to break the siege and push back the Union army Seven Days Battle • Confederate forces attack Union as the Union is setting up the Siege of Richmond • This counterattack fought back union advances from the peninsula campaign and led to the firing of Union General George McClellan • Attack was considered a Confederate victory McClellan • Commander of the Army of the Potomac (Union) – Was an excellent organizer, supplier and trainer of armies – Did not like to place army in danger – Was a slow, plodding decision-maker – Because he did not follow and engage confederate forces following the battles of Seven Pines and Yorktown, The confederates were able to regroup, bring in reserves and counterattack • Lincoln fired him following the mistakes at Richmond Western Theatre • Forces led by new general – Ulysses S. Grant – Aimed to secure the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers so troops could easily be moved into Tennessee – Combined naval and ground forces – First Union Victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson – nickname “Unconditional Surrender Grant” Shiloh • P.T. Beauregard led confederates in attack against Grants troops – Day 1 very intense fighting, and Rebels had Union pinned against Tennessee River • Grants advisors urged retreat – Day 2 - Grant surprise counterattack –after fierce fighting rebel forces retreat giving Grant another victory War at Sea • Blockade – North used its superior navy to blockade the southern and eastern shoreline – 1st use of ironclad warships USS Monitor - Union • Monitor and the Merrimack CSS Merrimack – CSA War at Sea • Battle of New Orleans – Admiral David Farragut led Union ships past fort guarding New Orleans and captured the city. – Citizens of the city were furious, but Union controlled the mouth of the Mississippi 2nd Bull Run Manassas, Virginia – Aug. 1862 - Lee (CSA) defeats Pope (Union) - Lee splits army and tries flanking maneuver on Pope’s Army - maneuver was a success Confederate Victory Led to Pope’s removal as Commander of the Army of the Potomac Confederate Invasion of the North • Battle of Antietam – Occurred in Sharpsburg, Maryland – 17 days long – 1st Major battle on Union soil – 23,000 dead – Union victory, however Lee continued to fight battles on Union soil • This victory discouraged European Powers to become involved – didn’t think the south could win Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln’s plan to free the slaves in the states in rebellion – Sept. 1862 – Wartime necessity – went into effect on Jan. 1, 1863. – Did not free slaves in the states that remained loyal to the union – Psychological warfare • What to do with escaped slaves? They had to be free to be employed by the US gov’t. – Needed a union victory to announce plan so that he didn’t sound “desperate” – Antietam gave him that battle Emancipation Proclamation Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Fredericksburg • Union – 114,000 troops led by Burnside • CSA – 75,000 troops led by Lee – Union frontal attack across an open plain (poor leadership) – CSA had high ground with good fields of fire • Referred to as the “shooting gallery” or the “slaughter pen” – CSA wins battle – 12,000 union dead, 5000 CSA dead – Lincoln transfers Burnside (fired) and appoints General Hooker to replace him Chancellorsville • Hooker (Union) divided army of 134,000 into 3 parts • Lee also split his troops and attacked • CSA wins battle – Lost Gen. Stonewall Jackson who was shot mistakenly by his own troops – he died 8 days later The Battle of Gettysburg • Lee invades north a 2nd time with 75,000 troops – Purpose was to get supplies – Scouts found a large store of shoes in Gettysburg • Unaware of 2 large brigades of union troops on the high ground outside of town – Day 1 – Union forces attack raiding party that was after the shoes • CSA forces push the union line back to Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge • CSA held Seminary Ridge • North held the high ground and pounded CSA troops with artillery Battle of Gettysburg • Day 2 – Lee attacks Union left flank (a hill called Little Round Top) – Union lines held • Day 3 - Lee attacks Union center at Cemetery Ridge – attack known as Pickett’s charge – Union lines held and Lee was forced to retreat • Bad weather and indecision prevented Gen. Meade (union) from pursuing Lee and the CSA forces as they retreated back into Virginia Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg • Casualties – Union 23,000 – Confederate 20,000 • Critical turning point in the war • Lincoln – “Our army held the war in the hollow of their hand and they would not close it.” Gettysburg Address • Lincoln’s address dedicating a cemetery for fallen soldiers at the Gettysburg Battlefield • The short speech was widely criticized at the time but is now considered one of the best in history Vicksburg • Grant splits troops – Held off 1 confederate army near Jackson, MS – Surrounded another in Vicksburg • CSA had high ground and Grant’s forces took heavy losses • Laid seige to the city for 6 weeks until the CSA ran out of Ammo and food. – Nothing allowed in or out of Vicksburg – CSA unable to break out at Jackson to re-supply Vicksburg – Grant waited patiently Vicksburg • Demanded Unconditional surrender • CSA surrender on July 3, 1863 • Union now controlled the Mississippi • Louisiana, Texas , and Arkansas are now cut off from the rest of the south and are effectively out of the war Lincoln finds his General • Grant was trained at West Point, but was not a good student (2nd to last in his class) Ulysses S. Grant Grant at Cold Harbor – He drank too much – He had a weakness for the ladies • He understood men and strategy – Willing to take risks – Very stubborn – Made decisions and stuck to them – Drove men hard, but was respected by them – Was not afraid to put men in harms way – almost to a fault – Unconditional surrender Grant and staff at War Planning Meeting War of Attrition • Strategy that attempted to keep engaging the south in battle until they ran out of men, supplies and will to fight • Effective strategy with brutal results • Total war – not only attack the enemies army, but society as well Fort Sumter Ruins Petersburg – Civilians as casualties of war Recovering the dead Columbia, SC ruins Richmond Richmond Shiloh Wilderness Campaign • Grant repeatedly forced Lee’s troops to engage and fight. Wilderness Campaign Siege of Petersburg – Grant lost 60,000 men during this period – CSA losses mounted as well and they were running out of supplies and men – At the conclusion of the Wilderness Campaign, Grant laid siege to Petersburg to rest and regroup Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sherman used total war to capture Atlanta – He then proceeded to destroy everything in his path on his march to the sea – Captured Charleston using same tactics – Burned or destroyed everything in his path Appomattox • Terms of surrender – Confederate Officer’s could keep their side arms – All soldiers would be fed – All soldiers would be allowed to keep their horses or mules – None would be tried for treason Final Surrender • April 26th, 1865 General Joseph Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Durham Station, N.C. under similar terms to those at Appomattox • The war was finally over